Effects of moldboard plowing, chisel plowing and rotation crops on the Rhizoctonia disease of white potato

Leach, S. S.; Porter, Gregory A.; Rourke, R. V.; Clapham, William M.

doi:10.1007/bf02851426

Cited by 21 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Lowest marketable yields were from control plots in ail 3 yr. This indicates that the physical shattering of the soil was bénéficiai, and is consistent with our previous findings (McKe- own et al 1998) and reported effects of zone tillage or chisel plowing to reduce soil compaction (Leach et al 1993;Pierce and Chase 1987;Sojka et ai 1993). Additionally, diseases tend to be reduced in well structured soils and roots encountering compacted soils may become predisposed to infection (Leach et al 1993).…”

Section: Fumigation Methodssupporting

confidence: 92%

“…This indicates that the physical shattering of the soil was bénéficiai, and is consistent with our previous findings (McKe- own et al 1998) and reported effects of zone tillage or chisel plowing to reduce soil compaction (Leach et al 1993;Pierce and Chase 1987;Sojka et ai 1993). Additionally, diseases tend to be reduced in well structured soils and roots encountering compacted soils may become predisposed to infection (Leach et al 1993). AH treatments resulted in reduced root-lesion nematode populations compared to the untreated control in the spring of 1994 (Table 6), indicating that the physical action alone could reduce numbers of nematodes.…”

Section: Fumigation Methodssupporting

confidence: 92%

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Yield of ‘Superior’ potatoes (Solanum tuberosum) and dynamics of root-lesion nematode (Pratylenchus penetrans) populations following “nematode suppressive” cover crops and fumigation

McKeown¹,

Potter²

2005

phyto

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De 1992 à 1996, des études ont été menées à Simcoe, Ontario, pour évaluer diverses espèces de cultures de couverture comme alternatives possibles à la fumigation précédant la culture de la pomme de terre (Solanum tuberosum). Le seigle (Secale cereale), une culture de couverture hivernante fréquente dans les systèmes de production de légumes, est un excellent hôte pour le nématode des lésions racinaires (Pratylenchus penetrans) et lui procure un hôte convenable pour hiverner dans les sols sableux grossiers. Les fumigants Vorlex Plus CP et Telone IIB ont été comparés à la moutarde ‘Domo’ (Brassica juncea) pour les années 1993 et 1994 de production de pommes de terre. Le seigle mélangé au trèfle rouge (Trifolium pratense) a été inclus en tant que système connu de culture de couverture hôte. Les plantes cyanogénétiques telles la moutarde ‘Domo’ (1994) ou la moutarde ‘Cutlass’ (1995, 1996), le canola ‘Forge’ (Brassica rapa), les hybrides sorgho/sorgho herbacé ‘Sordan 79’ et ‘Trudan 8’ (Sorghum bicolor) et le lin (Linum usitatissimum) ont été comparées au fumigant Vorlex Plus CP et au sorgho ‘NK557’ (Sorghum vulgare) quant à leurs effets sur les rendements de la pomme de terre et sur les nématodes. Une fumigation superficielle (15 cm) et une en profondeur (45 cm) avec le Vorlex Plus CP ont aussi été comparées pour les années 1994 à 1996 de production de pommes de terre. Il y avait peu de différence de décelable entre tous les traitements en pourcentage ou en jours pour atteindre 50 % d’émergence des pommes de terre. Les rendements totaux et vendables les plus élevés ont été obtenus avec la fumigation au Telone IIB, puis avec la fumigation au Vorlex Plus CP et la moutarde ‘Domo’, suivis du traitement témoin et de la couverture de seigle et de trèfle rouge. Les populations de nématodes ont dépassé le seuil de 1000 kg-1 de sol pour tous les traitements et étaient les plus élevées pour les pommes de terres qui suivaient la couverture de seigle et de trèfle rouge. Les rendements et la répression des nématodes avec les hybrides sorgho/sorgho herbacé et les moutardes semblaient intermédiaires entre la fumigation et la non-fumigation. Toutes les cultures de couverture semblaient être des hôtes au champ pour le nématode des lésions racinaires et la réduction des niveaux des populations n’apparaît que lorsque intervient la destruction par l’hiver. La mortalité des nématodes était excellente avec la fumigation et n’était surpassée que par la mortalité hivernale après incorporation de ‘Sordan 79’. L’emploi du ‘Sordan 79’ pendant au moins une partie de l’été suivi de son incorporation a été une alternative à la fumigation précédant la culture de la pomme de terre. Le passage en profondeur d’un chisel semble réduire les populations de nématodes probablement par un effet physique. Là où les populations de nématodes le justifient, une fumigation en profondeur avant la culture de la pomme de terre semble de mise.Studies were conducted at Simcoe, Ontario from 1992 to 1996 to evaluate various cover crop species as possible alternatives t...

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Section: Fumigation Methodssupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Fumigation Methodssupporting

confidence: 92%

Yield of ‘Superior’ potatoes (Solanum tuberosum) and dynamics of root-lesion nematode (Pratylenchus penetrans) populations following “nematode suppressive” cover crops and fumigation

McKeown¹,

Potter²

2005

phyto

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“…The ability to induce disease suppressiveness in soil can be linked to creating conditions where more aggressive competition among soil microbes in the root zone can occur; a phenomenon that is especially found to occur in cultural practices that utilize mulching and the addition of organic amendments [see review by Sturz et al (1997)]. Both Gudmestad et al (1978) and Leach et al (1993) showed that reduced tillage systems significantly lowered soil populations of R. solani and the incidence and severity of stem lesions on potato, and postulated that competition among saprophytic organisms resulted in the observed suppression of pathogen activity.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Tillage practices can have a greater effect on pathogen soil populations and disease development than can crop sequence (Leach et al 1993). Gudmestad et al (1978) and Leach et al (1993) showed that chisel ploughing significantly reduced soil populations of R. solani and the incidence and severity of stem lesions on potato caused by this pathogen compared to mouldboard ploughing.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Gudmestad et al (1978) and Leach et al (1993) showed that chisel ploughing significantly reduced soil populations of R. solani and the incidence and severity of stem lesions on potato caused by this pathogen compared to mouldboard ploughing. They argued that the retention of crop residues in the surface soil layer (0 to 10 cm), under chisel ploughing, and the resulting increase in microbial activity and subsequent competition among microbial communities in the root zone, resulted in a suppression of pathogen activity (Gudmestad et al 1978;Leach et al 1993).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Influence of crop rotation and conservation tillage practices on the severity of soil-borne potato diseases in temperate humid agriculture

Peters¹,

Sturz²,

Carter³

et al. 2004

Can. J. Soil. Sci.

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. 2004. Influence of crop rotation and conservation tillage practices on the severity of soil-borne potato diseases in temperate humid agriculture. Can. J. Soil Sci. 84: 397-402. A field trial was established in 1994 in Prince Edward Island, Canada, to determine the effects of 2-and 3-year crop rotations, with either conventional or minimum tillage treatments, on the severity of potato diseases caused by soil-borne pathogens. The 2-yr rotation consisted of spring barley and potato (cv. Russet Burbank) and the 3-yr rotation was barley (undersown with red clover), red clover and potato. In the potato years only, the main plots were split to examine conventional and minimum tillage (sub-plot) treatments. Potato diseases were assessed during the period 2000-2002, 6-8 yr after the initial establishment of the field trial. In each year of the study, potato plants grown in 3-yr rotations developed significantly (P = 0.05) lower levels of stem and stolon canker and black scurf (Rhizoctonia solani) compared with those from 2-yr rotations. Overall, rotation duration (not tillage type) was the main factor contributing to reduction of disease caused by R. solani. The severity of silver scurf (Helminthosporium solani) was significantly (P = 0.05) lower in tubers from plots managed in 3-yr rotations under minimum tillage practices in 2000, significantly higher in plots managed with minimum tillage in 2001, and unaffected by treatment in 2002. The severity of dry rot (Fusarium spp.) was significantly (P = 0.05) lower in tubers from plots managed with 3-yr rotations under minimum tillage practices in 2000, but was unaffected by either tillage regime in 2001 and 2002. The severity of common scab (Streptomyces scabiei) was low and not influenced by tillage or rotation in any year of study. In summary, a 3-yr crop rotation combined with minimum tillage reduced potato diseases caused by R. solani and did not affect disease caused by other soil-borne pathogens. From a crop health perspective, there appear to be no constraints to the use of minimum tillage practices in association with 3-yr rotations in potato production in regions of temperate humid agriculture. ) ne s'est guère manifestée pendant l'étude et n'a pas été affectée par la méthode de travail du sol ni la durée de l'assolement. En résumé, un assolement de trois ans combiné au travail réduit du sol atténue les dommages que R. solani cause aux pommes de terre sans que ceux attribuables à d'autres agents pathogènes telluriques soient affectés. Du point de vue phytosanitaire, rien ne semble interdire un travail minimum du sol avec les assolements de trois ans pour la culture de la pomme de terre dans les régions à climat tempéré humide. For personal use only.

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Crop Breeding for Conservation Agriculture

Mahmood

Trethowan

2014

Conservation Agriculture

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Effects of moldboard plowing, chisel plowing and rotation crops on the Rhizoctonia disease of white potato

Cited by 21 publications

References 14 publications

Yield of ‘Superior’ potatoes (Solanum tuberosum) and dynamics of root-lesion nematode (Pratylenchus penetrans) populations following “nematode suppressive” cover crops and fumigation

Yield of ‘Superior’ potatoes (Solanum tuberosum) and dynamics of root-lesion nematode (Pratylenchus penetrans) populations following “nematode suppressive” cover crops and fumigation

Influence of crop rotation and conservation tillage practices on the severity of soil-borne potato diseases in temperate humid agriculture

Crop Breeding for Conservation Agriculture

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