Effects of Moisture, Temperature, and Freezing and Thawing on Alkali-Silica Reaction

Deschenes, Richard; Giannini, Eric R.; Drimalas, Thano; Fournier, Benoît; Hale, William

doi:10.14359/51702192

Cited by 16 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…The reaction products are water-insoluble compounds based on calcium, alkalis and dissolved silica, leading to inclusion growth due to a concentration gradient through biomass pores 31 . A similar phenomenon has already been observed in concrete 32 .…”

Section: Eds Analysis Of Inclusions At the Surface Of Biomass Pelletssupporting

confidence: 85%

Microstructural degradation during the storage of biomass pellets

et al. 2021

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The use of biomass pellets as a source of renewable energy has increased in recent times. However, pellet storage during transportation can compromise their properties, due to fluctuating temperature and humid environments. Here, we show that extended storage of one month at 40 °C and 85% relative humidity causes significant biomass pellet degradation. This was evidenced by higher pellet porosity, weight gain, increased inclusion body formation and creation of an internal network of cracks. We quantify the inclusion and pore growth processes at the surface and within the pellets, which has implications for subsequent thermochemical conversion. The global bioenergy transition may depend upon biomass pellets, and this study shows that storage conditions are critical in the supply chain, so to maintain their quality. Without the development of stronger policies to avoid premature degradation of biomass pellets, they may not realize their full potential as a bioenergy source.

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Section: Eds Analysis Of Inclusions At the Surface Of Biomass Pelletssupporting

confidence: 85%

Microstructural degradation during the storage of biomass pellets

et al. 2021

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“…The experimental data in this study also show that the RDEM of concrete was above 90% after four freeze-thaw cycles. As the number of freeze–thaw cycles increased, the pressure of the water inside the pores owing to icing and expansion would damage the microstructure inside the concrete [ 72 , 73 ], and the capillaries would develop into microcracks. When the microcracks developed into macrocracks, they caused serious damage to the concrete.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Nano Silica Particles on Impact Resistance and Durability of Concrete Containing Coal Fly Ash

Zhang

Sha

et al. 2021

Nanomaterials

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In this study, the effect of adding nano-silica (NS) particles on the properties of concrete containing coal fly ash were explored, including the mechanical properties, impact resistance, chloride penetration resistance, and freezing–thawing resistance. The NS particles were added into the concrete at 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, and 5% of the binder weight. The behavior under an impact load was measured using a drop weight impact method, and the number of blows and impact energy difference was used to assess the impact resistance of the specimens. The durability of the concrete includes its chloride penetration and freezing–thawing resistance; these were calculated based on the chloride diffusion coefficient and relative dynamic elastic modulus (RDEM) of the samples after the freezing–thawing cycles, respectively. The experimental results showed that the addition of NS can considerably improve the mechanical properties of concrete, along with its freezing–thawing resistance and chloride penetration resistance. When NS particles were added at different replacement levels, the compressive, flexural, and splitting tensile strengths of the specimens were increased by 15.5%, 27.3%, and 19%, respectively, as compared with a control concrete. The addition of NS enhanced the impact resistance of the concrete, although the brittleness characteristics of the concrete did not change. When the content of the NS particles was 2%, the number of first crack impacts reached a maximum of 37, 23.3% higher compared with the control concrete. Simultaneously, the chloride penetration resistance and freezing–thawing resistance of the samples increased dramatically. The optimal level of cement replacement by NS in concrete for achieving the best impact resistance and durability was 2–3 wt%. It was found that when the percentage of the NS in the cement paste was excessively high, the improvement from adding NS to the properties of the concrete were reduced, and could even lead to negative impacts on the impact resistance and durability of the concrete.

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“…The byproduct of this reaction is a deleterious gel (ASR-Gel). The extent ofgel production (an indirect measure of induced damage level) depends on various parameters including nature of alkalis [ 4 , 5 , 6 ], relative content amorphous of silica [ 7 , 8 , 9 ], humidity [ 10 , 11 , 12 ], temperature [ 5 , 11 , 13 , 14 , 15 ], aggregate size [ 7 , 16 , 17 ] and concrete stiffness [ 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 ]. This gel is hygroscopic in nature and expands in volume after absorbing water [ 22 , 23 , 24 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential of Waste Marble Sludge for Repressing Alkali-Silica Reaction in Concrete with Reactive Aggregates

et al. 2022

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The continuous development of the marble industry has led to an increase in the accumulation of waste marble sludge causing landfilling and health-associated issues. The intention of the current study is to explore the potential of waste marble sludge powder (MS) utilization as a means of controlling alkali-silica reaction (ASR) in concrete. Specimen (cubes, prisms, and mortar bars) were prepared to incorporate reactive aggregates and various proportions of MS ranging from 5% to 40% as a replacement for aggregates. Expansion and mechanical strength characteristics were determined to investigate the effectiveness of MS to control ASRfor up to 150 days. Results revealed that on replacing aggregates in the control specimen with 25% MS, the ASR expansion at 14 days reduced from 0.23% to 0.17%, and the expansion at 28 days reduced from 0.28% to 0.17% which is within limits as per American Standard for Testing of Materials (ASTM) C1260. Furthermore, specimens incorporating MS exhibited improved compressive and flexural strength as compared to the identical specimen without MS. Microstructural analysis using Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed micro-cracks in the control specimen while the specimen incorporating MS was found intact. Thus, it can be foreseen that the use of MS as a partial replacement of aggregates can control ASR in concrete as well as reduce the dumping and harmful emissions issue.

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Effects of Moisture, Temperature, and Freezing and Thawing on Alkali-Silica Reaction

Cited by 16 publications

References 12 publications

Microstructural degradation during the storage of biomass pellets

Microstructural degradation during the storage of biomass pellets

Effect of Nano Silica Particles on Impact Resistance and Durability of Concrete Containing Coal Fly Ash

Potential of Waste Marble Sludge for Repressing Alkali-Silica Reaction in Concrete with Reactive Aggregates

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