Effects of Modifier Polarity on Extraction of Limonene from Citrus Sinensis L. Osbeck Using Supercritical Carbon Dioxide

Abstract

Limonene constitutes 98% of the essential oil obtained from orange peel. Besides being used as fragrances and flavours in the food, perfume and cosmetic industries, limonene is also a good degreasing agent. Supercritical carbon dioxide is an excellent solvent for non-polar compound like limonene but poor solvent for polar compound like α-terpineol. Common practice in supercritical fluid extraction is to change the polarity of supercritical carbon dioxide by employing polar modifiers to increase its solvating power towards polar analytes. Base on this, in the attempt to extract more limonene in orange essential oil, less polar modifiers were added instead. In this study, effects of adding modifiers with different polarity on extraction of aroma compounds (limonene, linalool and α-terpineol) from Citrus Sinensis L. Osbeck or sweet orange peel were investigated. Supercritical extraction was carried out at defined pressure and temperature for duration of 45 minutes. Concentration of aroma compounds extracted was analysed using GC-MS. The optimum conditions for extraction were observed at 318K and 12MPa. The concentrations of limonene increased significantly by the addition of methanol and slightly with n-heptane. It was also found that n-heptane is effective on supercritical CO2 extractions of linalool and α-terpineol.

Comparison of charantin extract from Momordica Charantia using modified supercritical carbon dioxide and soxhlet extraction method

“…As carbon dioxide is a non-polar solvent, SC-CO2 has limitations in the extraction of polar and moderately non-polar compounds. In order to overcome this limitation, polar modifier or cosolvents is introduced in the SC-CO2 system to aid extraction of polar analytes (Ibrahim and Sarbatly, 2014). In this case, ethanol is used as co-solvent because of its good miscibily with CO2 and non-toxicity.…”

Supercritical CO2 Extraction, Quantification and Pharmacological Screening of Steroidal Saponins from Fruits of Momordica charantia L

“…15 In the present work ethyl alcohol is utilized as a co-extractant due to its great miscibility with CO 2 and ability to extract both polar and non-polar molecules. 16,17 Nowadays, basic requirement in herbal drug development is the qualitative analysis of crude extracts. 18 For the study of bioactive molecules several extraction and analytical Techniques have been established.…”