Effects of mirror therapy on muscle activity, muscle tone, pain, and function in patients with mutilating injuries

Yun, Daeun; Kim, Myoung-Kwon

doi:10.1097/md.0000000000015157

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…The patients observed the reflection of their unaffected upper limb while performing the following movements (bilateral arm training): wrist flexion, extension, circumduction, radial and ulnar deviation, fisting, releasing, abduction, and adduction of all fingers. Activities were graded during the following weeks of training (37,38).…”

Section: Mirror Therapymentioning

confidence: 99%

Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation and Mirror Therapy for Neuropathic Pain After Brachial Plexus Avulsion: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Controlled Pilot Study

et al. 2020

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Introduction: Although transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) and mirror therapy (MT) have benefits in combating chronic pain, there is still no evidence of the effects of the simultaneous application of these techniques in patients with neuropathic pain. This study aims to assess the efficacy of tDCS paired with MT in neuropathic pain after brachial plexus injury.Methods: In a sham controlled, double-blind, parallel-group design, 16 patients were randomized to receive active or sham tDCS administered during mirror therapy. Each patient received 12 treatment sessions, 30 min each, during a period of 4 weeks over M1 contralateral to the side of the injury. Outcome variables were evaluated at baseline and post-treatment using the McGill questionnaire, Brief Pain Inventory, and Medical Outcomes Study 36–Item Short-Form Health Survey. Long-term effects of treatment were evaluated at a 3-month follow-up.Results: An improvement in pain relief and quality of life were observed in both groups (p ≤ 0.05). However, active tDCS and mirror therapy resulted in greater improvements after the endpoint (p ≤ 0.02). No statistically significant differences in the outcome measures were identified among the groups at follow-up (p ≥ 0.12). A significant relationship was found between baseline pain intensity and outcome measures (p ≤ 0.04). Moreover, the results showed that state anxiety is closely linked to post-treatment pain relief (p ≤ 0.05).Conclusion: Active tDCS combined with mirror therapy has a short-term effect of pain relief, however, levels of pain and anxiety at the baseline should be considered.Clinical Trial Registration:www.ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier NCT04385030.

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Section: Mirror Therapymentioning

confidence: 99%

Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation and Mirror Therapy for Neuropathic Pain After Brachial Plexus Avulsion: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Controlled Pilot Study

et al. 2020

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“…According to other studies selected [35][36][37][38][39], Mirror Therapy plays a role in hand function recovery. The studies are very heterogeneous, and this makes it difficult to compare protocols and, consequently, results.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The eleven studies were published between 2005 and 2019. Four studies were case reports [30][31][32][33], and seven were RCTs [34][35][36][37][38][39][40]. All studies investigated the effect of different mirror neurons-based rehabilitation techniques in adults.…”

Section: Characteristics Of the Included Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of Mirror Neurons-Based Rehabilitation Techniques in Hand Injuries: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Tofani

Santecchia

Conte

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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Background: Hand trauma requires specific rehabilitation protocol depending on the different structures involved. According to type of surgical intervention, and for monitoring pain and edema, post-operative rehabilitation of a hand that has experienced trauma involves different timings for immobilization. Several protocols have been used to reduce immobilization time, and various techniques and methods are adopted, depending on the structures involved. Objective: To measure the effects of mirror neurons-based rehabilitation techniques in hand injuries throughout a systematic review and meta-analysis. Methods: The protocol was accepted in PROSPERO database. A literature search was conducted in Cinahl, Scopus, Medline, PEDro, OTseeker. Two authors independently identified eligible studies, based on predefined inclusion criteria, and extracted the data. RCT quality was assessed using the JADAD scale. Results: Seventy-nine suitable studies were screened, and only eleven were included for qualitative synthesis, while four studies were selected for quantitative analysis. Four studies were case reports/series, and seven were RCTs. Nine investigate the effect of Mirror Therapy and two the effect of Motor Imagery. Quantitative analyses revealed Mirror Therapy as effective for hand function recovery (mean difference = −14.80 95% Confidence Interval (CI) = −17.22, −12.38) (p < 0.00001) in the short term, as well as in long follow-up groups (mean difference = −13.11 95% Confidence Interval (CI) = −17.53, −8.69) (p < 0.00001). Clinical, but not statistical, efficacy was found for manual dexterity (p = 0.15), while no benefit was reported for range of motion. Conclusions: Mirror neurons-based rehabilitation techniques, combined with conventional occupational and physical therapy, can be a useful approach in hand trauma. Mirror therapy seems to be effective for hand function recovery, but, for motor imagery and action observation, there is not sufficient evidence to recommend its use. Further research on the efficacy of the mirror neurons-based technique in hand injury is recommended.

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Efficacy of mirror neuron system‐based therapy for rehabilitation of upper limb orthopedic conditions: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

Stonsaovapak,

Koonalinthip,

Kitisomprayoonkul

2024

PM&R

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ObjectiveThe aim of this systematic review and meta‐analysis is to assess the efficacy of mirror neuron system‐based therapy for managing pain and improving motor and upper limb function in patients with upper limb orthopedic conditions.Literature SurveySystematic bibliographical searches of the PubMed, SCOPUS, and CENTRAL registries and databases up to September 2023 were conducted to find randomized controlled trials (RCTs) assessing the efficacy of mirror neuron system‐based therapy for rehabilitation of upper limb orthopedic conditions.MethodologyTwo reviewers assessed the RCTs using a Cochrane risk‐of‐bias tool and extracted data from studies with similar outcome measures in the domains of pain, motor function, or functional score, which were pooled into meta‐analyses.SynthesisThe review included 13 studies to compare the efficacy of mirror neuron system‐based therapy with that of conventional rehabilitation programs. The therapy reduced pain intensity (mean difference [MD] 2.04, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.46–2.63) and kinesiophobia (MD 8.43, 95% CI 6.98 to 9.88), and increased grip strength (MD 1.86, 95% CI 0.28–3.45). The therapy also improved upper limb functional outcomes as assessed by the 30‐item Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (DASH) questionnaire score (MD 13.52, 95% CI 10.63–16.41). However, the outcomes as assessed by the 11‐item QuickDASH questionnaire and the Shoulder Pain and Disability Index (SPADI) were not superior to conventional rehabilitation.ConclusionsMirror neuron system‐based therapy for rehabilitation of upper limb orthopedic conditions may reduce pain intensity and kinesophobia, and improve grip strength and DASH scores compared with conventional rehabilitation programs. However, this interpretation is limited by the heterogeneity and various quality of the RCTs included in our meta‐analysis.

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Effects of mirror therapy on muscle activity, muscle tone, pain, and function in patients with mutilating injuries

Cited by 7 publications

References 35 publications

Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation and Mirror Therapy for Neuropathic Pain After Brachial Plexus Avulsion: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Controlled Pilot Study

Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation and Mirror Therapy for Neuropathic Pain After Brachial Plexus Avulsion: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Controlled Pilot Study

Effects of Mirror Neurons-Based Rehabilitation Techniques in Hand Injuries: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Efficacy of mirror neuron system‐based therapy for rehabilitation of upper limb orthopedic conditions: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

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