Effects of mineral trioxide aggregate, calcium hydroxide, biodentine and Emdogain on osteogenesis, Odontogenesis, angiogenesis and cell viability of dental pulp stem cells

Abstract

Background: Vital pulp therapy preserves and maintains the integrity and the health of dental pulp tissue that has been injured by trauma, caries or restorative procedures. The enhancement of cells viability and formation of reparative dentine and new blood vessels are vital determinants of the success of direct pulp capping. Therefore, the aims of this study was to evaluate and compare the in vitro osteogenic, odontogenic and angiogenic effects of mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA), calcium hydroxide [Ca(OH) 2 ], Biodentine and Emdogain on dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) and examine the effects of the tested materials on cell viability. Methods: DPSCs were treated with MTA, Ca(OH) 2 , Biodentine or Emdogain. Untreated cells were used as control. The cell viability was measured by MTT assay on day 3. Real-Time PCR with SYBR green was used to quantify the gene expression levels of osteogenic markers (alkaline phosphatase and osteopontin), odontogenic marker (dentin sialophosphoprotein) and angiogenic factor (vascular endothelial growth factor) on day 7 and day 14. Results: All capping materials showed variable cytotoxicity against DPSCs (77% for Emdogain, 53% for MTA, 26% for Biodentine and 16% for Ca(OH) 2 compared to control (P value < 0.0001). Osteopontin (OPN) and dentin sialophosphoprotein (DSPP) gene expression was increased by all four materials. However, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) was upregulated by all materials except Emdogain. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression was upregulated by all four tested materials except Ca(OH) 2. Conclusions: Our results suggest MTA, Biodentine and Emdogain exhibit similar attributes and may score better than Ca(OH) 2. Emdogain could be a promising alternative to MTA and Biodentine in enhancing pulp repair capacity following dental pulp injury. However, further future research is required to assess the clinical outcomes and compare it with the in vitro findings.

Anti‐inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects of Biodentine on human periapical lesion cells in culture

“…When dental pulpal stem cells were cultivated directly onto Biodentine discs, a significant reduction in cell viability was observed, so that only 26% cells remained viable after 3‐day cultures (Youssef et al . 2019). Bortoluzzi et al .…”

Cytotoxicity and Mineralization Potential of Four Calcium Silicate-Based Cements on Human Gingiva-Derived Stem Cells

“…The manufacturer and chemical composition of each experimental calcium silicate-based cement used in this study[17,[22][23][24].…”

Melatonin as an Agent for Direct Pulp-Capping Treatment

“…MTA is the gold-standard material for dental-pulp capping, and a favorable response was expected when this material was used. Therefore, MTA was used as a positive control material in this study [5].…”

“…Vital-pulp therapy includes procedures such as direct pulp capping, indirect pulp capping, and partial or full pulpotomy [1][2][3][4]. Calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH) 2 ) is commonly used for direct pulp capping and with sufficient biological responses; however, the main disadvantages of Ca(OH) 2 are weakness, cohesive strength, marginal leakage, and an inadequate antibacterial effect [5]. MTA is biocompatible with pulp tissue and the surrounding tissue, is a bactericide, promotes pulp healing, and does so without producing inflammation; it does not interfere with the normal processes of root resorption in temporary dentition, and produces a hermetic seal.…”