Effects of mild calorie restriction on anxiety and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis responses to stress in the male rat

Kenny, Rachel; Dinan, T.G.; Cai, Guohui; Spencer, Sarah J.

doi:10.1002/phy2.265

Cited by 30 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…These results are consistent with the present results of HR or autonomic activity. Reduction of stress has also been shown in previous reports in some experiments in rats or rhesus monkeys [56, 57] and men [37], but not in women. Interestingly, in the present study, anti-stress effects were shown in female subjects in the luteal phase.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 78%

Cardiovascular response to short-term fasting in menstrual phases in young women: an observational study

Okita

Kouda

Mase³

et al. 2015

BMC Women's Health

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BackgroundMenstrual cycle-related symptoms are an important health issue for many women, and some may affect cardiac autonomic regulation. In the present study, we evaluated the cardiovascular and physiological stress response to 12-h short-term fasting in the menstrual phases of healthy young women.MethodsWe performed a randomized crossover study. Subjects were seven female university students (age: 22.3 ± 1.0 years). The experiments comprised four sessions: meal intake in the follicular phase, meal intake in the luteal phase, fasting in the follicular phase, and fasting in the luteal phase. All subjects participated in a total of four experimental sessions during two successive phases (follicular and luteal phase in the same menstrual cycle, or luteal phase and follicular phase in the next menstrual cycle) according to a randomized crossover design. R-R intervals were continuously recorded before and after meals, and power spectral analysis of heart rate variability was performed. Other physiological data were obtained before and 20, 40, 60, and 80 min after meal intake or after the corresponding time point of meal intake (fasting in the follicular or luteal phase).ResultsHeart rate decreased during fasting in the follicular and luteal phases. High frequency power increased during fasting in the follicular and luteal phases. In addition, salivary cortisol concentrations decreased during fasting in the luteal phase.ConclusionsIn the present study, short-term fasting resulted in higher parasympathetic activity and lower cortisol levels in the luteal phase in these young women. These results indicate a possibility to produce an anti-stress effect in the luteal phase, which may reduce menstrual symptoms.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 78%

Cardiovascular response to short-term fasting in menstrual phases in young women: an observational study

Okita

Kouda

Mase³

et al. 2015

BMC Women's Health

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“…In the present study, CMS resulted in higher ACTH and CORT levels and higher expression of CRH gene in hypothalamus tissue in the HFD group compared to that in the control group, suggesting that HFD may enhance HPA axis sensitivity to chronic stress. Considerable evidence suggested associations between certain psychiatric disorders and HPA axis alterations, such as elevated glucocorticoid levels (10,(41)(42)(43). Furthermore, several psychiatric disorders associated with HPA dysfunction arise in obese teenagers, who are more prone to develop depression than adults (44).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis hypersensitivity in female rats on a post-weaning high-fat diet after chronic mild stress

Yang

Qian

2017

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

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Abstract.A high-fat diet (HFD) is highly correlated to obesity, metabolic diseases and certain behavioral changes. However, the effects of post-weaning HFD in rats during puberty and the role of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis in this process have remained elusive. The present study hypothesized that the HPA axis mediates the behavioral alterations induced by a post-weaning HFD. To investigate this, female rats were divided into two groups, one of which was fed a HFD from postnatal weeks (PWs) 4-12, while the other group received standard chow. Rats in each group were then subdivided into two subgroups each, and from PW 9-12, animals from one of the two subgroups were subjected to chronic mild stress (CMS), while the other subgroup received no stress. At PW 12, the body weight of rats receiving a HFD but no DMS was significantly higher than that in the control group. The frequency of crossing and rearing in the open field test and the time in the center of the Y-maze were decreased following CMS. Total time to escape was decreased in rats receiving HFD and after CMS. The serum levels of adrenocorticotropic hormone and corticosterone were increased in rats receiving an HFD and after CMS, and the mRNA levels of corticotropin-releasing hormone and arginine vasopressin in the hypothalamus were increased in the HFD + CMS group compared to that in the control group. The mRNA expression of glucocorticoid receptor (GR) in the hippocampi of rats in the HFD + CMS group was significantly decreased and the mineralocorticoid receptor/GR ratio was increased compared to that in the groups receiving either CMS or a HFD. In conclusion, these results indicated that female rats fed a post-weaning HFD showed HPA axis hypersensitivity under CMS, which may mediate behavioral alterations.

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“…CR induces lower levels of pituitary growth hormone in animals [17]. However, Kenny et al [24], are the first ones to investigate the effects of chronic mild CR on HPA axis response, and found a slight beneficial effect on stress response. In the midst of the studies, reporting positive findings, there is a dearth of parallel studies reporting the effects of CR on HPA axis.…”

Section: Pituitary Function and Crmentioning

confidence: 99%

Calorie Restriction An Approach towards Obesity Management

Jain¹,

Singh²

2015

J Nutr Disorders Ther

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Obesity is increasing worldwide and has become a public health concern due to associated degenerative diseases and morbidity. Even though overweight and obesity are not life threatening, they qualify themselves as a disease entity. The bulk of literature on obesity says that the external environment largely influences the increase in food intake and is termed scientifically as "obesogenic environment". A "dual approach" that uses both traditional and holistic health can be used to curb this rising trend. Dietary approaches like low calorie diets and increased physical activity are recommended for weight management and prevention of diseases. A number of studies indicate that there is an increased interest in enhancing the use of herbs, bioactive components of foods, traditional diets; owing to their wide spectrum of therapeutic properties for obesity and for the armed forces personnel (under the hypocaloric rations in the field). Therefore, taking the existing scenario of obesity into consideration and the protective role of calorie restriction, this paper provides an insight into the highly convoluted process of dietary restriction and highlights the implications of hypocaloric diets.

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Effects of mild calorie restriction on anxiety and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis responses to stress in the male rat

Cited by 30 publications

References 53 publications

Cardiovascular response to short-term fasting in menstrual phases in young women: an observational study

Cardiovascular response to short-term fasting in menstrual phases in young women: an observational study

Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis hypersensitivity in female rats on a post-weaning high-fat diet after chronic mild stress

Calorie Restriction An Approach towards Obesity Management

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