Effects of midazolam on isoflurane minimum alveolar concentration in goats

Dzikiti, Brighton T.; Stegmann, G.F.; Dzikiti, Loveness Nyaradzo; Hellebrekers, L.J.

doi:10.1016/j.smallrumres.2011.01.011

Cited by 13 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 23 publications

(24 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…This demonstrates an important and dose-dependent effect of midazolam on the dose of alfaxalone required for maintenance of general anaesthesia. In a previous study, midazolam infusions administered at similar doses, reduced isoflurane requirements for maintenance of general anaesthesia in goats by 17 (13–19) per cent, 35 (30–41) per cent and 55 (49–56) per cent following LMID, MMD and HMID respectively ( Dzikiti and others 2011 ). This comparison shows that midazolam produces marked reductions in drug requirements for general anaesthesia in both inhalation and intravenous anaesthesia in goats, with an evidently more pronounced reduction in alfaxalone than isoflurane requirements.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

“…Midazolam (8-chloro-6-(2-fluorophenyl)-1-methyl-4H-imidazol-(1,5-α)(1,4)-benzodiazepine), reduces anaesthetic requirements of general anaesthetic agents in various animal species, including goats ( Taira and others 2000 , Hendrickx and others 2008 , Dzikiti and others 2011 ). Midazolam is a water-soluble, fast-acting benzodiazepine that acts through potentiation of neural inhibition that is mediated by gamma amino butyric acid and is also a centrally acting muscle relaxant ( Farkas and others 1989 , Lemke 2007 , Olkkola and Ahonen 2008 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Midazolam is a water-soluble, fast-acting benzodiazepine that acts through potentiation of neural inhibition that is mediated by gamma amino butyric acid and is also a centrally acting muscle relaxant ( Farkas and others 1989 , Lemke 2007 , Olkkola and Ahonen 2008 ). It is associated with minimal adverse cardiovascular effects when administered intravenously at doses of 0.1–0.5 mg/kg for preanaesthetic medication ( Lemke 2007 , Dzikiti and others 2009 , Ghurashi and others 2009 , Dzikiti and others 2014 ) and at doses of 0.1–0.9 mg/kg/hour for an adjunctive role to general anaesthetic drugs in goats ( Dzikiti and others 2010 , Dzikiti and others 2011 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Determination of the minimum infusion rate of alfaxalone during its co‐administration with midazolam in goats

Dzikiti

Ndawana

Zeiler

et al. 2015

Veterinary Record Open

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

IntroductionThe minimum infusion rate (MIR) of alfaxalone when co-administered with midazolam in goats was evaluated.Materials and methodsEight goats (four does and four wethers) were anaesthetised, on separate occasions, with alfaxalone at an initial dose of 9.6 mg/kg/hour combined with one of three midazolam treatments: a bolus of 0.1 mg/kg followed by constant rate infusion (CRI) of 0.1 mg/kg/hour (treatment LMID), 0.3 mg/kg followed by CRI of 0.3 mg/kg/hour (MMID), 0.9 mg/kg followed by CRI of 0.9 mg/kg/hour (HMID), intravenously. Responses to stimulation (clamping on the proximal part of one digit of the hoof with Vulsellum forceps for 60 seconds) were tested every 30 minutes. In the absence or presence of a response to stimulation, the infusion rate was reduced or increased by 1.9 mg/kg/hour. Alfaxalone MIR was calculated as the mean of the infusion rates that allowed and abolished movement. Cardiopulmonary parameters were measured.ResultsAlfaxalone MIR was 6.7 (6.7–8.6) mg/kg/hour, 6.7 (4.8–6.7) mg/kg/hour and 2.9 (1.0–4.8) mg/kg/hour for LMID, MMID and HMID respectively. Cardiopulmonary function was minimally affected, with hypoxaemia observed two minutes into anaesthesia during all treatments. Recovery from anaesthesia was excitement-free.ConclusionsMidazolam causes a dose-dependent reduction of alfaxalone MIR in goats. Oxygen supplementation is recommended during anaesthesia with alfaxalone and midazolam in goats.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Determination of the minimum infusion rate of alfaxalone during its co‐administration with midazolam in goats

Dzikiti

Ndawana

Zeiler

et al. 2015

Veterinary Record Open

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The quality of epidural analgesia was evaluated using Allis tissue forceps. This was achieved by observing absence of pedal reflex at interdigital space of hind legs as described by Dzikiti, et al [11]. The reflex was observed before epidural administration and subsequently at 5 minutes intervals throughout the duration of analgesia.…”

Section: Evaluation Of Quality Of Analgesiamentioning

confidence: 97%

Effects of Lignocaine-Diazepam Combination in Lumbo-Sacral Epidural Anaesthetized Dogs Undergoing Caudectomy

Yakubu

Usman

Kabir

et al. 2020

JABB

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

General anaesthesia is known to be associated with the risk of cardiopulmonary depression, therefore the use of a safer means of anaesthesia as an alternative has to be explored. Epidural anaesthesia technique is known for its simplicity, safety and effectiveness and is one of the most frequently used regional anesthetic techniques described for surgical procedures caudal to the umbilicus in small animal practice. The main aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of lumbo-sacral epidural injection of a mixture of 7.5 mg/kg of 2% lignocaine solution and 0.2 mg/kg 0.5% diazepam solution in 10 apparently healthy Nigerian local dogs undergoing caudectomy. Onset of neural blocked recorded was 6.5 ± 1.35 min (mean ± SD), duration of analgesia was 54.4 ± 5.38 min (mean ± SD) and duration of recumbency was 115.1 ± 36.1min (mean ± SD). Changes observed in the Pulse rate (PR), Mean arterial blood pressure (MAP), Respiratory rate (RR) and Rectal temperature (RT) were recorded at 10 min intervals throughout the duration of the procedure. There were no significant differences (p>0.05) in the mean physiological parameters observed as compared to the baseline values. Blood samples were also taken at 15 min interval throughout the duration of the procedure to determine the effects of the epidurally administered lignocaine-diazepam combination on haematological and serum biochemical indices. No significant differences (p>0.05) were observed in the mean haematological (PCV, RBC, WBC, Hb and CBC) and serum biochemical indices (ALT, ALP, Creatinine and BUN). It was concluded that epidurally administered lignocaine-diazepam mixture at 7.5 mg/kg and 0.2 mg/kg respectively had a fast onset of neural blockade, adequate and long duration of analgesia without profound effects on haemodynamic and cardiopulmonary system.

show abstract

“…The sedative and hypnotic effects of benzodiazepines are dose-dependent, with hypnosis attainable at intravenous doses of about 0.6 mg/kg following midazolam administration (Stegmann & Bester 2001). Midazolam has been administered intravenously as an adjunct to general anaesthetic drugs at doses of 0.1 mg/kg/h -0.9 mg/kg/h in mechanically ventilated goats and at 0.3 mg/kg/h in spontaneously breathing goats, without adversely affecting vital physiological functions Dzikiti, Stegmann, Dzikiti & Hellebrekers 2011b). …”

Section: Benzodiazepines: Midazolam and Valiummentioning

confidence: 99%

Intravenous anaesthesia in goats: A review

Dzikiti

2013

J. S. Afr. Vet. Assoc.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Intravenous anaesthesia is gradually becoming popular in veterinary practice. Traditionally, general anaesthesia is induced with intravenous drugs and then maintained with inhalation agents. Inhalation anaesthetic agents cause more significant dose-dependent cardiorespiratory depression than intravenous anaesthetic drugs, creating a need to use less of the inhalation anaesthetic agents for maintenance of general anaesthesia by supplementing with intravenous anaesthesia drugs. Better still, if anaesthesia is maintained completely with intravenous anaesthetic drugs, autonomic functions remain more stable intra-operatively. Patient recovery from anaesthesia is smoother and there is less pollution of the working environment than happens with inhalation anaesthetic agents. Recently, a number of drugs with profiles (pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic) suitable for prolonged intravenous anaesthesia have been studied, mostly in humans and, to a certain extent, in dogs and horses. There is currently very little scientific information on total intravenous anaesthesia in goats, although, in the past few years, some scholarly scientific articles on drugs suitable for partial intravenous anaesthesia in goats have been published. This review article explored the information available on drugs that have been assessed for partial intravenous anaesthesia in goats, with the aim of promoting incorporation of these drugs into total intravenous anaesthesia protocols in clinical practice. That way, balanced anaesthesia, a technique in which drugs are included in anaesthetic protocols for specific desired effects (hypnosis, analgesia, muscle relaxation, autonomic stabilisation) may be utilised in improving the welfare of goats undergoing general anaesthesia.

show abstract

Effects of midazolam on isoflurane minimum alveolar concentration in goats

Cited by 13 publications

References 23 publications

Determination of the minimum infusion rate of alfaxalone during its co‐administration with midazolam in goats

Determination of the minimum infusion rate of alfaxalone during its co‐administration with midazolam in goats

Effects of Lignocaine-Diazepam Combination in Lumbo-Sacral Epidural Anaesthetized Dogs Undergoing Caudectomy

Intravenous anaesthesia in goats: A review

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About