Effects of microwave irradiation treatment on physicochemical characteristics of Chinese low-rank coals

A Comprehensive Review on Biomass Torrefaction

“…However, the reactivity of char and torrefied biomass is higher than with that of coal. Reduction in an initial ignition temperature and an increment of burnout temperature of the torrefied coal are presented in Ge et al (2013). They observed the maximum mass loss band shifted towards the high temperature zone.…”

“…The torrefaction of biomass destructs the tenacity and fibrous structure of the biomass, and also increases its energy density. Numerous studies concluded that the torrefied biomass can avoid many limitations associated with the raw biomass because it produces moisture free hydrophobic solid products (Acharjee et al, 2011), decreases O/C ratio , reduces grinding energy (Repellin et al, 2010;Phanphanich and Mani, 2011), enhances energy density (Yan et al, 2009), increases bulk density and simplifies storage and transportation (Bergman, 2005;Phanphanich and Mani, 2011), improves particle size distribution (Phanphanich and Mani, 2011), intensifies combustion with less smoke (Pentananunt et al,1990), shifts combustion zone to the high temperature zone in a gasifier (Ge et al, 2013), and increases the resistance to the biological decay (Chaouch et al, 2010). Many of these improvements make the torrefied biomass more suitable than the raw biomass for co-firing in the conventional coal power plants, with minor modifications (Clausen et al, 2010).…”

Pore structure and fractal analysis of Ximeng lignite under microwave irradiation

“…Because of these unique features, microwave has been applied to heat and modify lignite [21][22][23]. The microscopic pore structure of lignite has important effect on its slurrying ability and would change during drying process [24][25][26].…”

Comparative studies on the effect of mineral matter on physico-chemical properties, inherent moisture and drying kinetics of Chinese lignite

“…In China, lignite is extensively exploited and largely burnt for power generation [2,3]. Direct combustion of these low-grade coals can lead to low thermal efficiency, high pollutant emissions (particulate materials, SO x , trace elements and CO 2 ) [4] and high operation and maintenance cost, partly due to high amount of moisture and ash-forming mineral matter [4,5]. Thus, it is great importance to removal of moisture and ashes from low-grade coals before combustion.…”