Effects of microwave electric fields on the translational diffusion of dipolar molecules in surface potential: A simulation study

Effect of Microwave-Activated Sintering on Microstructure and Properties of Graphite/Copper Composites

“…However, the diffusion and reaction of titanium components in the composites after microwave sintering are more sufficient than those in conventional sintering, which indicates that rapid microwave sintering could promote the diffusion of titanium components. 40 Meanwhile, further study at the interface welding of these composites shows that the connection between the TiC transition layer and the copper matrix is more compact and smoother by microwave sintering. However, the interface wettability between the TiC transition layer and copper matrix in conventional sintered samples is poor and the gap is large, which will significantly reduce the comprehensive properties of the composite.…”

“…Samyal et al studied the microwave welding of different metals and found that the interface between different metals after microwave welding was tightly bound and the performance was excellent, which is consistent with the results in this study. , Furthermore, in the sintering process of graphite/copper–titanium composites, the migration of titanium in copper matrix is mainly through vacancy diffusion . Under the action of microwave radiation, it is conducive to the generation and migration of vacancies, and a microwave electromagnetic field can reduce the activation energy at the same time in the sintering process. , Therefore, the diffusion of titanium components is promoted, which is consistent with our experimental results.…”

“…Furthermore, as can be seen from Figures f and l, the titanium components in the composite did not completely react with graphite to generate titanium carbide, and some titanium elements were still distributed in the copper matrix. However, the diffusion and reaction of titanium components in the composites after microwave sintering are more sufficient than those in conventional sintering, which indicates that rapid microwave sintering could promote the diffusion of titanium components …”

Nonlinear dynamics of dipoles in microwave electric field of a nanocoaxial tubular reactor

“…The second term in (6) accounts for the interaction of the field with the induced dipole moment [51], [52].…”

“…The key reason is that in nanosized volumes the walls of the reactor influence the energy profiles of reactions, and even the reactions with high activation energy, which do not occur at given temperatures, can proceed [2]. Applying microwave electric fields can additionally accelerate reactions on these surfaces [6]. Besides, the confined conditions restrict the orientation of molecules so that probability of some non-conventional obtained in open-vessel conditions [7].…”