“…Compared to the t f value of LMT ceramics doped with TiN, the absolute value of t f increased. This is because MgO has a large negative resonance frequency temperature coefficient (À56 ppm 1C À1 ), 32 and the research shows that the addition of MgO increases the thermal expansion rate of the ceramics, [33][34][35] and the higher thermal expansion rate will reduce the t f value, and thus, the temperature stability of LMT-NFM ceramics is reduced. Doping some ions with a positive temperature coefficient can be considered to make the t f value closer to zero.…”