Effects of Methionine Chelate- or Yeast Proteinate-Based Supplement of Copper, Iron, Manganese and Zinc on Broiler Growth Performance, Their Distribution in the Tibia and Excretion into the Environment

Abstract

A straight-run flock of 1-day-old Cobb 400 chicks (n = 432) was distributed into four treatment groups (9 replicate pens in each group, 12 birds in a pen) for a 38-day feeding trial evaluating the effects of a methionine chelate (Met-TM)- or a yeast proteinate (Yeast-TM)-based supplement of copper (Cu), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn) and zinc (Zn) on growth performance, bone criteria and some metabolic indices in commercial broiler chickens. The diets were either not supplemented with any trace elements at all (negative control, NC) or supplemented with an inorganic (sulphate) trace element premix (inorganic TM (ITM), 1 g/kg feed), the Met-TM (1 g/kg feed) and the Yeast-TM (0.5 g/kg feed). Body weight, feed conversion ratio and dressed meat yield at 38 days were better in the Yeast-TM-supplemented group as compared with the NC, ITM and Met-TM groups (p < 0.01). The birds supplemented with Met-TM and Yeast-TM consumed less feed than the NC and ITM-supplemented group (p < 0.001). Supplementation of trace elements irrespective of source increased the total ash content in the tibia (p < 0.001). However, concentration of Cu was lower in the Met-TM and Yeast-TM groups compared with the NC and the ITM groups (p < 0.05) although that of Fe, Mn and Zn was not affected at all by the dietary treatments. Total protein concentration in serum increased when either Met-TM or Yeast-TM was supplemented (p < 0.05) to the birds. Serum alkaline phosphatase activity, however, increased when the trace elements from either inorganic or organic sources were supplemented (p < 0.05). Compared with the ITM-supplemented group, excretion of Cu, Fe, Mn and Zn was lower in the birds supplemented with Met-TM or Yeast-TM, especially in the latter group (p < 0.05). The present experiment revealed that supplementation of broilers with methionine chelates or yeast proteinate forms of Cu, Fe, Mn and Zn improved body weight and feed conversion ratio (FCR) and markedly reduced excretion of the said trace elements. The study revealed that it may be possible to improve broiler performance and reduce excretion of critical trace elements into the environment by complete replacement of inorganic trace minerals from their dietary regime and replacing the same with methionine chelate or yeast proteinate forms.

Low-dose of organic trace minerals reduced fecal mineral excretion without compromising performance of laying hens

“…In our study, alkaline phosphatase activity in group ITM decreased by 15.12% and 13.47% compared to CON and TRT, respectively, however, TRT had the analogue result as the CON. In an earlier experiment, feeding broilers a basal diet without adding additional trace minerals resulted in typical leg abnormalities and a lower alkaline phosphatase activity in serum, while low doses of organic Fe, Cu, Mn, and Zn in two forms (methionine chelate-or yeast proteinate-based) didn't affect these indicators, compared to inorganic forms at commercial level, which was in line with our results [9].…”

“…Fat was extracted from tibias using ether after immersing the tibia in a boiling water bath for 30 min to remove the traces of flesh and cartilages. After washing with double-distilled water, the tibia was dried at 105°C for 24 h [9], and subsequently milled for mineral analysis.…”

“…Chen et al [8] reported that supplementation of 30 and 45 mg/kg of zinc in egg-laying ducks' basic diets improved the egg production rate and feed utilization rate, and the antioxidant capacity was higher relatively. Singh et al [9] reported that failure to provide adequate Zn and Mn in the diet led to typical leg abnormalities in broilers and reduced serum alkaline phosphatase (AKP) activity.…”

“…Organic trace minerals are stable and not ionized prior to absorption, after entering the digestive tract, they can avoid the precipitation or adsorption by precipitants in the intestinal cavity. What's more, chelating minerals are transported and absorbed as amino acids, therefore, the main benefit of using organic minerals is attributed to greater absorption, because they use the same absorption pathways as the amino acids to which they are bound, decreasing the competition for inorganic trace minerals binding sites, and thus reducing excretion through the bile and feces [9,[11][12][13].…”

Influences of different Fe sources on Fe bioavailability and homeostasis in SD rats

“…A common solution to remedy iron deficiency is to increase dietary iron ratio, nutritional supplements, and food fortification (Health Canada; Canadian Paediatric Society; Dietitians of Canada; Breastfeeding Committee for Canada, ; Lynch, ; Stoltzfus, ; Wong, Howard, Hodson, Irving, & Craig, ). The third generation of iron supplement is a chelate of amino acid and iron, which has the advantage of less irritating gastrointestinal tract and high absorption and utilization (Singh, Ghosh, & Haldar, ). Glycine is an amino acid with the smallest molecular weight and similar structure to heme.…”