Effects of meloxicam and phenylbutazone on renal responses to furosemide, dobutamine, and exercise in horses

Raidal, Sharanne; Hughes, Kristopher; Charman, Amanda Lee; Nielsen, Sharon; Phillips, Jacqueline K.; Noble, Glenys

doi:10.2460/ajvr.75.7.668

Cited by 14 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 52 publications

(58 reference statements)

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“…It should be noted that camelides are 'pseudoruminants' or 'modified ruminants' compared with bovine, caprine and ovine that are true ruminants. Changes in haematobiochemical parameters following furosemide have been reported in humans (Licata et al, 2003), ponies (Houpt & Perry, 2016) and horses (Raidal et al, 2014).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

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confidence: 99%

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Effects of two‐dose intravenous administration of furosemide on clinical variables, electrocardiographic indices and serum electrolytes in dromedary calves

Samimi

Sanjarinejad

2020

Veterinary Medicine & Sci

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Diuretic are prescribed to excrete additional extracellular fluids by increasing urine flow, sodium excretion and decreasing hypertension. There is a need to use these drugs in many veterinary treatments, such as oedema and congestive heart failure, udder and pulmonary oedema, ascites and acidosis or alkalosis, as well as dilution and faster excretion of toxins, especially those that are effective on the renal glumerular filtration rate (Pourjafar et al., 2013;Raidal et al., 2014). The function of the current diuretics include: loop, osmotic, potassium retainers and carbonic anhydrate inhibitors. The loop diuretics are very powerful drugs that prevent tubular reabsorption of sodium, chloride and other electrolytes from kidney tubules, increase their excretion and urine flow. Furosemide is considered to be one of the widely used drugs while also having some side effects, particularly serum potassium and sodium depletion (

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of two‐dose intravenous administration of furosemide on clinical variables, electrocardiographic indices and serum electrolytes in dromedary calves

Samimi

Sanjarinejad

2020

Veterinary Medicine & Sci

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“…The COX‐1‐sparing effect is seen with clinically relevant doses of meloxicam and firocoxib, which supports selection of one of these drugs for an equine patient when maintenance of the normal physiological homeostatic and repair mechanisms for the gastrointestinal and renal systems is critical. In a study of volume‐depleted horses, however, renal responses were similar for the COX‐2 preferential NSAID, meloxicam, and the traditional nonselective NSAID, phenylbutazone (Raidal et al 2014). Horses suffering from systemic inflammatory response syndrome secondary to gastrointestinal disease, with pre‐existing or concurrent renal compromise, may benefit from selection of a COX‐2 selective NSAID, rather than a traditional or COX‐2 preferential NSAID.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ex vivo COX‐1 and COX‐2 inhibition in equine blood by phenylbutazone, flunixin meglumine, meloxicam and firocoxib: Informing clinical NSAID selection

Fogle

Davis

Yechuri

et al. 2020

Equine Veterinary Education

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Summary Newer cyclo‐oxygenase‐2 (COX‐2) selective nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), such as firocoxib, are proposed to reduce inhibition of cyclo‐oxygenase‐1 (COX‐1) and avoid undesirable side effects, while continuing to inhibit inflammation associated with COX‐2. However, COX selectivity is typically based on in vitro testing, which may not provide sufficient information critical for treatment selection. This study investigated the pharmacokinetics and ex vivo COX‐1 and COX‐2 inhibition of phenylbutazone, flunixin meglumine, meloxicam and firocoxib. Horses (n = 3) were administered one of the four drugs, in a randomised cross‐over design, with 3‐week washout periods. For each drug, three doses were given and sampling performed. Drug plasma concentrations, thromboxane B2 (TXB2) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) were determined. After one dose, TXB2 and PGE2 levels were significantly higher in horses administered firocoxib compared to flunixin meglumine. Following the third dose, TXB2 levels in horses administered firocoxib and meloxicam were significantly higher compared to flunixin meglumine or phenylbutazone; all drugs reduced PGE2 to a similar degree. The mean plasma half‐lives were 5.97 ± 0.47, 4.74 ± 0.14, 8.24 ± 3.74 and 47.42 ± 7.41 h for phenylbutazone, flunixin meglumine, meloxicam and firocoxib, respectively. Firocoxib and meloxicam exhibited significantly less COX‐1 inhibition compared to flunixin meglumine and phenylbutazone; all drugs inhibited COX‐2. The plasma half‐life of firocoxib was longer than the other NSAIDs, including meloxicam. Data from this study have important clinical relevance and should be used to inform practitioners’ drug selection of a COX‐1 sparing or traditional NSAID and dose selection and to provide knowledge of the duration for the four NSAIDs studied.

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“…However, non-cyclooxygenase (COX)-specific NSAIDs like flunixin meglumine are known to have significant adverse effects, such as, but not limited to, gastrointestinal ulceration and impaired renal function. Other NSAIDs, reported to be more selective, such as meloxicam or ketoprofen, appear to cause less side effects [ 3 , 4 , 5 ]. Even though meloxicam and ketoprofen are recommended for analgesia in cases of colic based on marketing authorizations, their analgesic efficacy remains unclear for mild visceral pain.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of Flunixin Meglumine, Meloxicam and Ketoprofen on Mild Visceral Post-Operative Pain in Horses

Lemonnier

Thorin

Meurice

et al. 2022

Animals

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The analgesic efficacy of meloxicam and ketoprofen against equine visceral pain is unclear. The aim of this study was to compare the analgesic efficacy of meloxicam (M) and ketoprofen (K) to flunixin meglumine (F) following inguinal castration. Horses undergoing inguinal castration under general anesthesia were randomly assigned F (1.1 mg/kg), M (0.6 mg/kg) or K (2.2 mg/kg) intravenously two hours pre-operatively and 24 h later. A pain score (out of 31) was recorded blindly by a senior clinician and veterinary student before NSAIDs administration (T0), and after the first (T1) and second (T2) administrations, using a modified post-abdominal surgery pain assessment scale (PASPAS). Pain was classified as mild (score ≤ 7), moderate (score = 8–14) or severe (score > 14). Thirty horses (12 F, 10 M, 8 K) aged 6.2 ± 4.9 years, mostly warmbloods, were included. Horse welfare was not compromised regardless of the drug assigned. There was no statistically significant effect of NSAIDs on pain score. Mean pain scores were significantly higher at T1 than T0 for each NSAID (F: 5.08 ± 2.50 vs. 1.58 ± 1.38 (p < 0.001); M: 4.60 ± 2.32 vs. 1.10 ± 1.20 (p < 0.001); K: 5.25 ± 1.39 vs. 1.50 ± 1.51 (p < 0.0001)) and lower at T2 than T1 for F (2.92 ± 2.423 vs. 5.08 ± 2.50 (p < 0.001)) and M (2.90 ± 1.37 vs. 4.60 ± 2.32 (p < 0.0325)). At T1, senior pain scores were significantly different than for junior (5.56 ± 0.54 vs. 3.22 ± 0.62, p = 0.005). This study indicates that meloxicam and ketoprofen provide a similar level of analgesia to flunixin meglumine for the management of mild visceral pain in horses. PASPAS is not reliable for junior evaluators.

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Effects of meloxicam and phenylbutazone on renal responses to furosemide, dobutamine, and exercise in horses

Cited by 14 publications

References 52 publications

Effects of two‐dose intravenous administration of furosemide on clinical variables, electrocardiographic indices and serum electrolytes in dromedary calves

Effects of two‐dose intravenous administration of furosemide on clinical variables, electrocardiographic indices and serum electrolytes in dromedary calves

Ex vivo COX‐1 and COX‐2 inhibition in equine blood by phenylbutazone, flunixin meglumine, meloxicam and firocoxib: Informing clinical NSAID selection

Comparison of Flunixin Meglumine, Meloxicam and Ketoprofen on Mild Visceral Post-Operative Pain in Horses

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