Effects of Maximal Isometric and Isokinetic Resistance Training on Strength and Functional Mobility in Older Adults

Symons, T. Brock; Vandervoort, Anthony A.; Rice, Charles L.; Overend, Tom J.; Marsh, Greg D.

doi:10.1093/gerona/60.6.777

Cited by 93 publications

(91 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Among those with poor total isokinetic work levels, isokinetic resistance exercise may provide a safe (27) and controlled modality to improve isokinetic work, strength, and function. Indeed, previous trials of resistance exercise training among older adults across a range of physical performance have demonstrated that lower extremity resistance training increases total muscle work translating into improvements in stair descent and balance (28,29). Additionally measurement of total isokinetic work may safely assess effectiveness of rehabilitative interventions or efficacy of drug therapies targeting improvements in muscle-specific performance and endurance.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of Muscle Endurance, Fatigability, and Strength With Functional Limitation and Mortality in the Health Aging and Body Composition Study

Roshanravan

Patel

Fried

et al. 2016

GERONA

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Background: Mobility limitation is highly prevalent among older adults and is central to the loss of functional independence. Dynamic isokinetic muscle fatigue testing may reveal increased vulnerability to disability and mortality beyond strength testing. Methods: We studied community-dwelling older adults enrolled in the Health Aging and Body Composition study (age range: 71-82) free of mobility disability and who underwent isokinetic muscle fatigue testing in 1999-2000 (n = 1,963). Isokinetic quadriceps work and fatigue index was determined over 30 repetitions and compared with isometric quadriceps maximum torque. Work was normalized to leg lean mass accounting for gender-specific differences (specific work). The primary outcome was incident persistent severe lower extremity limitation (PSLL), defined as two consecutive reports of either having a lot of difficulty or being unable to walk 1/4 mile or climb 10 steps without resting. The secondary outcome was all-cause mortality. Results: There were 608 (31%) occurrences of incident PSLL and 488 (25%) deaths during median follow-up of 9.3 years. After adjustment, lower isokinetic work was associated with significantly greater risks of PSLL and mortality across the full measured range. Hazard ratios per standard deviation lower specific isokinetic work were 1.22 (95% CI 1.12, 1.33) for PSLL and 1.21 (95% CI 1.13, 1.30) for mortality, respectively. Lower isometric strength was associated with PSLL, but not mortality. Fatigue index was not associated with PSLL or mortality. Conclusions: Muscle endurance, estimated by isokinetic work, is an indicator of muscle health associated with mobility limitation and mortality providing important insight beyond strength testing.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of Muscle Endurance, Fatigability, and Strength With Functional Limitation and Mortality in the Health Aging and Body Composition Study

Roshanravan

Patel

Fried

et al. 2016

GERONA

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“…Fortunately, resistance training has been shown to offset many age-related declines in functional performance. [3][4][5] As sarcopenia contributes to decreased muscle function, exercise programs that can minimize or combat the loss of muscle mass, strength, and power can have significant implications on how older adults function. 6 Recently, whole-body vibration (WBV) has emerged as an alternative strength training intervention, with gains reported to be comparable to resistance training in young adults who were healthy.…”

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confidence: 99%

Effects of Whole-Body Vibration Exercise on Lower-Extremity Muscle Strength and Power in an Older Population: A Randomized Clinical Trial

2008

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Background and Purpose Vibration training is a relatively new exercise intervention. This study investigated the effects of vibration exercise on strength (force-producing capacity) and power in older adults who are healthy. Participants and Methods Thirty participants (mean age=73.7 years, SD=4.6) were randomly assigned to a vibration exercise training (VIB) group or an exercise without vibration training (EX) group. The interventions consisted of 3 sessions per week for 8 weeks. Outcome measures included isokinetic flexor and extensor strength and power of the hip, knee, and ankle. Results The VIB group significantly improved ankle plantar flexor strength and power compared with the EX group. However, there were no significant differences between the VIB and EX groups for knee flexor or extensor strength. Discussion and Conclusion Vibration training contributed to an increase in plantar flexor strength and power. However, the strength gains for the knee and hip flexors and extensors for the VIB group and the EX group were comparable. Future vibration protocols should explore different body positions to target muscles higher up on the leg.

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“…Nous avons montré que les hommes et les femme âgés pourraient bénéficier également d'un entraînement contre résistance isométrique, concentrique ou excentrique (Symons et al 2005). Les exercices excentriques soulèvent une préoccupation, soit qu'ils risquent davantage de causer peut-être des lésions aux muscles, aux tendons et aux articulations.…”

Section: Résumé Des Aspects Neuromusculaires Et De L'entraînement Conunclassified

Le vieillissement et l’activité physique : données sur lesquelles fonder des recommandations relatives à l’exercice à l’intention des adultes âgésCet article est tiré d’un supplément intitulé Advancing physical activity measurement and guidelines in Canada: a scientific review and evidence-based foundation for the future of Canadian physical activity guidelines (Favoriser les lignes directrices et la mesure de l’activité physique au Canada: examen scientifique et justification selon les données prob

Paterson

Jones

Rice

2007

Appl. Physiol. Nutr. Metab.

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Résumé :De nombreuses études épidémiologiques confirment les bienfaits procurés par l'activité physique en ce qui concerne la diminution du risque de maladie associée à l'âge et de la mortalité quelle qu'en soit la cause. L'analyse de la littérature scientifique centrée sur les caractéristiques principales (intensité, type, quantité) montre que la quantité néces-saire d'activité physique est celle qui améliore la condition cardiorespiratoire, la force musculaire, la puissance et, indirectement, l'équilibre. L'appauvrissement de ces fonctions avec l'âge entraîne des limitations physiques qui conditionnent les activités fonctionnelles journalières. En revanche, un programme d'activité physique peut atténuer ces pertes, évitant ainsi aux personnes âgées (plus de 65 ans) de traverser le seuil de l'incapacité physique. Les études transversales et longitudinales révèlent un lien entre la condition cardiorespiratoire et la capacité fonctionnelle et l'autonomie ; la force musculaire et par surcroît, la puissance musculaire, permettent d'accomplir plus efficacement les activités de tous les jours ; l'équilibre dynamique en combinaison avec la puissance musculaire forment un ensemble de prévention contre les chutes. D'après les études sur les programmes d'intervention, les personnes âgées peuvent améliorer leurs capacités fonctionnelles car elles possèdent la capacité d'adaptation à l'entraînement physique. Les quelques études qui ont analysé les quantités minimale et optimale d'activité physique indiquent qu'il faut faire des exercices dans les plages d'intensité modérée à vigoureuse si on veut atteindre et préserver les gains résultant de la pratique régulière. Par conséquent, on devrait prescrire des activités physiques en spécifiant le type d'activité qui améliorera les variables organiques associées au maintien de la capacité fonctionnelle et de l'autonomie et, de ce fait, on repoussera la maladie et la mort. Une bonne recommandation concernant l'exercice physique chez les personnes âgées devrait inclure des activités cardiorespiratoires modérément vigoureuses (la marche rapide), un entraînement à la force et à la puissance pour la préservation de la masse musculaire et de la capacité de travail de groupes musculaires choisis et des exercices d'équilibre et d'étirement au besoin.Mots-clés : condition cardiorespiratoire, force musculaire, capacité fonctionnelle, épidémiologie.Abstract: An abundance of epidemiological research confirms the benefits of physical activity in reducing risk of various age-related morbidities and all-cause mortality. Analysis of the literature focusing on key exercise variables (e.g., intensity, type, and volume) suggests that the requisite beneficial amount of activity is that which engenders improved cardiorespiratory fitness, strength, power, and, indirectly, balance. Age-related declines in these components are such that physical limitations impinge on functional activities of daily living. However, an exercise programme can minimize declines, thus preventing older adults (age 65+ years)...

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Effects of Maximal Isometric and Isokinetic Resistance Training on Strength and Functional Mobility in Older Adults

Cited by 93 publications

References 21 publications

Association of Muscle Endurance, Fatigability, and Strength With Functional Limitation and Mortality in the Health Aging and Body Composition Study

Association of Muscle Endurance, Fatigability, and Strength With Functional Limitation and Mortality in the Health Aging and Body Composition Study

Effects of Whole-Body Vibration Exercise on Lower-Extremity Muscle Strength and Power in an Older Population: A Randomized Clinical Trial

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