Effects of Maternal Undernutrition and Uterine Artery Ligation on Placental Lipase Activities in the Rat

Kaminsky, S.; D'Souza, S W; Massey, R.F.; Smart, J.L.; Sibley, Colin P.

doi:10.1159/000243409

Cited by 16 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 10 publications

(15 reference statements)

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“…Finally, the importance of the correlation of pH 4 placental lipase activity with birth weight reported here is strengthened by our other recent observation that the activity of this enzyme is reduced in the placentas of growth-retarded rat fetuses (20).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

The Effects of Diabetes on Placental Lipase Activity in the Rat and Human

et al. 1991

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ABSTRACT. Lipase activities were measured at pH 4 and properties of lipoprotein lipase (6,7), whereas a second, measured pH 8 in the placentas of rats made diabetic by streptozo-at pH 4, is probably lysosomal in origin (8). tocin treatment and also in the placentas of women classiLipoprotein lipase activity in adipose tissue and diaphragm fied as having 1) impaired glucose tolerance or type 2 was found to be reduced in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats, diabetes, 2) type 1 diabetes with no associated vascular but in the same experiments the lipoprotein lipase-like activity complication, and 3) type 1 diabetes with associated vas-in the placenta was unaffected (9, 10). However, Shafrir and cular disease. In both sets of experiments, the placentas coworkers (4, 9) showed that lipolytic activity in the placentas of were compared with normal control groups. The placental diabetic rats was increased, and they inferred that this was due lipase activity measured at pH 8 was not significantly to an increase in placental "intracellular" lipase activity. Theredifferent in either streptozotocin-treated rats or impaired fore, in the study reported here, we tested the hypothesis that glucose toleranceldiabetic women as compared with con-placental pH 4 lipase activity is increased in the placentas of trols, whereas the lipase activity measured at pH 4 in-diabetic women and rats. We have measured both the pH 8 creased significantly as compared with controls in both lipase and the pH 4 lipase activity in the placentas of streptozospecies. Furthermore, in the women there was a significant tocin-induced diabetic rats and also in the placentas of mothers correlation between placental lipase activity at pH 4 and who were classified as having IGT or type 2 diabetes and those birth weight in impaired glucose tolerance/type 2 diabetes. classified as having type 1 diabetes with or without vascular It is suggested that the increased placental lipase activity disease. may contribute to the increased fetal weight in human diabetic pregnancy, by contributing to the increased fat Chemicals and isotopes. 3H-9-10 trioleyl glycerol (sp act 0.5-1.0 Ci/mmol) was purchased from Amersham International plc Abbreviations (Bucks, UK). Phosphatidylcholine, 9-10 trioleyl glycerol (99%) glycerol, and BSA were all purchased from Sigma Chemical IGT, impaired glucose tolerance Company (Dorset, UK). Heat-inactivated horse serum was purchased from Flow Laboratories (Herts, UK). Streptozotocin was kindly provided by Dr. N. MacLeod (The UpJohn Co., Kalamazoo, MI). Other chemicals were ANALAR grade, purchased Diabetes in pregnancy produces major changes in maternal from BDH (Poole, UK). plasma lipid concentrations (1-3). Plasma triglycerides are ele- Streptozotocin-induced diabetes in rats.Female CSE Wistar vated in both type 2 diabetes and gestational diabetes, whereas rats were made diabetic before mating by a single i.v. adminisin type 1 diabetic patients plasma triglycerides are not signifi-tration of 40 mg/kg of streptozotocin (1 1). Serum glucose was c...

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

The Effects of Diabetes on Placental Lipase Activity in the Rat and Human

et al. 1991

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“…Placental uptake of free fatty acids occurs via a process of facilitated membrane translocation involving plasma membrane fatty acid-binding protein [15], which is known to selectively transfer LCPUFA and EFA to the fetal circulation in preference to the non-essential fatty acids [16]. Although ¢6-or ¢5-desaturase activities have not been detected in the placenta [17,18], phospholipase A 2 [19] as well as intracellular lipase activities [20,21] are expressed in human and rat placenta. Once in the placenta, fatty acids can either be metabolized, as is the case for the conversion of AA to eicosanoids, or can be reesterified and hydrolyzed again to release fatty acids to the fetus.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Changes in Dietary Fatty Acids during Pregnancy on Placental and Fetal Fatty Acid Profile in the Rat

Amusquivar

Herrera

2003

Neonatology

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To determine whether the composition of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) could be modified in the fetus by maternal dietary fatty acids, pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats were fed semipurified diets that differed only in the non-vitamin lipid component. The diets contained either 10 g palm, sunflower, olive or fish oil (FOD)/100 g diet. A total of 5–6 rats were studied in each group. At day 20 of gestation, corresponding to 1.5 days prior parturition, the fatty acids in maternal adipose tissue were closely related to the fatty acid composition in the corresponding diet. An important proportion of arachidonic acid (AA) appeared in maternal liver and plasma, although it was lower in the FOD than in the other groups. Except for saturated fatty acids, the proportion of individual fatty acids in the placenta correlated linearly with that in maternal plasma. Also, PUFA in fetal plasma and liver showed significant correlations with PUFA in maternal plasma. Again, AA showed the lowest proportion in the plasma and liver of the FOD group. Therefore, the maternal dietary fatty acid composition influences maternal and fetal plasma and tissue composition, and an increase in dietary ω–3 fatty acids decreases the amount of AA in maternal and fetal tissues.

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“…Por tanto, la oferta de ácidos grasos esenciales y sus derivados de la madre al feto se realiza principalmente en forma de TG asociados a VLDL y quilomicrones, y en menor medida en forma de FL asociados a HDL. Se sabe que la placenta presenta actividad lipoproteína lipasa 36 , así como receptores de lipoproteínas, incluidos de VLDL3 7 , y distintas lipasas intracelulares 38 • Mediante la captación de lipoproteínas por sus correspondientes receptores y la participación de las lipasas intracelulares, los TG transportados por el plasma materno pueden ser captados e hidrolizados por la placenta, donde tras reesterificación e hidrólisis intracelular son liberados finalmente los ácidos grasos al plasma fetal. Por otra parte, se conoce la existencia en la placenta de proteínas fijadoras y transportadoras de ácidos grasos 39 • 40 • 41 , que fijan preferentemente ácidos grasos poliinsaturados 40 .4 1 , con lo que se asegura el aporte de éstos al feto.…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

Influencia de los ácidos grasos de la dieta en su distribución entre las lipoproteínas circulantes y en su asequibilidad al feto en la rata preñada

Amusquivar

Herrera

2003

Clínica e Investigación en Arteriosclerosis

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Effects of Maternal Undernutrition and Uterine Artery Ligation on Placental Lipase Activities in the Rat

Cited by 16 publications

References 10 publications

The Effects of Diabetes on Placental Lipase Activity in the Rat and Human

The Effects of Diabetes on Placental Lipase Activity in the Rat and Human

Influence of Changes in Dietary Fatty Acids during Pregnancy on Placental and Fetal Fatty Acid Profile in the Rat

Influencia de los ácidos grasos de la dieta en su distribución entre las lipoproteínas circulantes y en su asequibilidad al feto en la rata preñada

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