Effects of Maternal Screening and Universal Immunization to Prevent Mother-to-Infant Transmission of HBV

Chen, Huey–Ling; Lin, Lung–Huang; Hu, Fu‐Chang; Lee, Jian–Te; Lin, Wen-Terng; Yang, Yihua; Huang, Fay; Wu, Shu–Fen; Chen, Solomon Chih–Cheng; Wen, Wan–Hsin; Chu, Chia–Hsiang; Ni, Yen‐Hsuan; Hsu, Hong–Yuan; Tsai, P. C.; Chiang, Chui-Liang; Shyu, Ming‐Kwang; Lee, Ping–Ing; Chang, Feng–Yee; Chang, Mei–Hwei

doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2011.12.035

Cited by 219 publications

(199 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…All three doses are necessary for lifelong protection against the HBV infection, and the centers for disease control and prevention (CDC) recommends that all babies receive them. Together, the antibodies and the HBV vaccine are about 90% effective for the prevention of the HBV infection in babies (15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20). Cesarean sections and vaginal deliveries are safe for the HBV-infected mothers.…”

Section: Contextmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cesarean sections and vaginal deliveries are safe for the HBV-infected mothers. A mother who is infected with the HBV can breastfeed her infant, but she should protect her nipples from cracking and bleeding (1,2,(18)(19)(20). There are many reports about the rate of the transmission of the HBV infection during pregnancy and also understanding of the mechanisms of the transmission of the infection from mother to child.…”

Section: Contextmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There are many reports about the rate of the transmission of the HBV infection during pregnancy and also understanding of the mechanisms of the transmission of the infection from mother to child. All these studies have sought to implement policies on maternal screening and infant follow-up as well as mechanisms to minimize the transmission rate (11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22)(23). Here, we aimed to review the ways for the prevention of this infection from mother to child and research the new guidelines.…”

Section: Contextmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Advise the mother to complete the HBV vaccine se-ries to protect her baby against the virus and remind her to bring the immunization record card each time she brings her baby to the clinic (1,2,(18)(19)(20) …”

Section: For the Newborn Of An Hbsag-negative Mother Do The Followingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It should be injected during the first week after the birth. If more than 7 days have elapsed since birth, administering HBIG to the newborn has little benefit (19)(20)(21)(22).…”

Section: For the Newborn Of A Mother With Unknown Hbsag Status Do Thmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Review of the Prevention of the Hepatitis B Virus Infection Transmission From Mother to Child During Pregnancy

2015

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Context:The hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a highly infectious virus which spreads through blood and other infected fluids such as semen. Individuals can be infected with the virus through sexual contact, by sharing needles or by a needle accident, by getting a body piercing or tattooing, and prenatally or at birth, if the mother is infected with the virus. Evidence Acquisition: We searched medical databases (namely PubMed and Scopus) from January 2000 to January 2015. Keywords were epidemiology, transmission routes, and prevention of infection during pregnancy. Results: On the basis of our results, the transmission of the HBV from the infected mother to her child during pregnancy is an important way for the acquisition of the virus. The routine vaccination of neonates and the use of immunoglobulin at birth are very effective for the prevention of infection, when a mother is infected. Also, the treatment of the infected mother to decrease the viral load is another preventive method for the protection of her child. Conclusions: Our study showed that routine vaccination in children and screening of pregnant women for the HBV infection and then preventative strategies for neonates are the most important routes for minimizing the transmission of infection from mother to child.

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Section: Contextmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Contextmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Contextmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: For the Newborn Of An Hbsag-negative Mother Do The Followingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It should be injected during the first week after the birth. If more than 7 days have elapsed since birth, administering HBIG to the newborn has little benefit (19)(20)(21)(22).…”

Section: For the Newborn Of A Mother With Unknown Hbsag Status Do Thmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Review of the Prevention of the Hepatitis B Virus Infection Transmission From Mother to Child During Pregnancy

2015

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Efficacy of maternal tenofovir disoproxil fumarate in interrupting mother‐to‐infant transmission of hepatitis B virus

et al. 2015

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The efficacy and safety of maternal tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) in reducing mother-to-infant hepatitis B virus (HBV) transmissions is not clearly understood. We conducted a prospective, multicenter trial and enrolled 118 hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)-and hepatitis B e antigen-positive pregnant women with HBV DNA 7.5 log 10 IU/mL. The mothers received no medication (control group, n 5 56, HBV DNA 8.22 6 0.39 log 10 IU/mL) or TDF 300 mg daily (TDF group, n 5 62, HBV DNA 8.18 6 0.47 log 10 IU/mL) from 30-32 weeks of gestation until 1 month postpartum. Primary outcome was infant HBsAg at 6 months old. At delivery, the TDF group had lower maternal HBV DNA levels (4.29 6 0.93 versus 8.10 6 0.56 log 10 IU/mL, P < 0.0001). Of the 121/123 newborns, the TDF group had lower rates of HBV DNA positivity at birth (6.15% versus 31.48%, P 5 0.0003) and HBsAg positivity at 6 months old (1.54% versus 10.71%, P 5 0.0481). Multivariate analysis revealed that the TDF group had lower risk (odds ratio 5 0.10, P 5 0.0434) and amniocentesis was associated with higher risk (odds ratio 6.82, P 5 0.0220) of infant HBsAg positivity. The TDF group had less incidence of maternal alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels above two times the upper limit of normal for 3 months (3.23% versus 14.29%, P 5 0.0455), a lesser extent of postpartum elevations of ALT (P 5 0.007), and a lower rate of ALT over five times the upper limit of normal (1.64% versus 14.29%, P 5 0.0135) at 2 months postpartum. Maternal creatinine and creatinine kinase levels, rates of congenital anomaly, premature birth, and growth parameters in infants were comparable in both groups. At 12 months, one TDF-group child newly developed HBsAg positivity, presumably due to postnatal infection and inefficient humoral responses to vaccines. Conclusions: Treatment with TDF for highly viremic mothers decreased infant HBV DNA at birth and infant HBsAg positivity at 6 months and ameliorated maternal ALT elevations. (HEPATOLOGY 2015;62:375-386) D espite the 75%-90% reduction of chronic hepatitis B viral (HBV) infection following universal infant immunization, active/passive immunoprophylaxis has not eradicated mother-toinfant HBV transmission. [1][2][3][4] Approximately 10% of chronic HBV infections cannot be prevented.5-7 The major risks of chronic HBV infection in the immunization era are maternal hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)/hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) positivity and high maternal viral load.5-9 Moreover, after immunoprophylaxis, children with HBV infection have a higher risk of developing hepatocellular carcinoma. 10,11 To achieve the goal of global eradication of HBV infection, better strategies aimed at interrupting Abbreviations: ALT, alanine aminotransferase; anti-HBs, antibody to hepatitis B surface antigen; D0, day 0, initiation of TDF treatment (baseline); D1M, 1 month after TDF treatment; HBeAg, hepatitis B e antigen; HBsAg, hepatitis B surface antigen; HBV, hepatitis B virus; P0, at partum; PXM, X months postpartum; SNR, signal-to-noise ratio; TDF, tenofov...

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Quantitative maternal hepatitis B surface antigen predicts maternally transmitted hepatitis B virus infection

et al. 2016

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Effects of Maternal Screening and Universal Immunization to Prevent Mother-to-Infant Transmission of HBV

Cited by 219 publications

References 42 publications

Review of the Prevention of the Hepatitis B Virus Infection Transmission From Mother to Child During Pregnancy

Review of the Prevention of the Hepatitis B Virus Infection Transmission From Mother to Child During Pregnancy

Efficacy of maternal tenofovir disoproxil fumarate in interrupting mother‐to‐infant transmission of hepatitis B virus

Quantitative maternal hepatitis B surface antigen predicts maternally transmitted hepatitis B virus infection

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