Effects of maternal nutrient restriction followed by realimentation during midgestation on uterine blood flow in beef cows

Camacho, Leticia E.; Lemley, Caleb O; Prezotto, Ligia D.; Bauer, M. L.; Freetly, H. C.; Swanson, K. C.; Vonnahme, K. A.

doi:10.1016/j.theriogenology.2014.02.006

Cited by 34 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 24 publications

(35 reference statements)

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“…This adaptation may alter the functional potential of the placenta and thereby enable enhanced nutrient supply to the fetus during later gestation if maternal nutrition increases (Perry et al 1999). Doppler measurements of blood flow and uterine artery parameters from 120 dpc suggested that vascular supply to the placenta was similarly altered in the study animals once maternal diet treatment ceased , a scenario also reported in cows realimented following nutritional restriction in early gestation, whereby blood flow to the ipsilateral horn was increased following realimentation but not during the period of restriction (Camacho et al 2014).…”

Section: Placental Parametersmentioning

confidence: 64%

Maternal periconceptional and first trimester protein restriction in beef heifers: effects on placental parameters and fetal and neonatal calf development

Copping

Hernandez-Medrano

Hoare³

et al. 2020

Reprod. Fertil. Dev.

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Few studies have investigated the effects of nutrition during the periconception and early gestation periods on fetal and placental development in cattle. In this study, nulliparous yearling heifers (n=360) were individually fed a diet high or low in protein (HPeri and LPeri) beginning 60 days before conception. From 24 to 98 days after conception, half of each treatment group was changed to the alternative high- or low-protein diet (HPost and LPost) yielding four groups in a 2×2 factorial design. A subset of heifers (n=46) was necropsied at 98 days after conception and fetoplacental development assessed. Placentome number and volume decreased in response to LPeri and LPost diets respectively. Absolute lung, pancreas, septum and ventricle weights decreased in LPost versus HPost fetuses, whereas the post-conception diet altered absolute and relative liver and brain weights depending on sex. Similarly, changes in fetal hepatic gene expression of factors regulating growth, glucose output and lipid metabolism were induced by protein restriction in a sex-specific manner. At term, neonatal calf and placental measures were not different. Protein restriction of heifers during the periconception and early gestation periods alters fetoplacental development and hepatic gene expression. These changes may contribute to functional consequences for progeny, but this may not be apparent from gross morphometry at birth.

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Section: Placental Parametersmentioning

confidence: 64%

Maternal periconceptional and first trimester protein restriction in beef heifers: effects on placental parameters and fetal and neonatal calf development

Copping

Hernandez-Medrano

Hoare³

et al. 2020

Reprod. Fertil. Dev.

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show abstract

“…Additionally, offspring in the current study had the opportunity for compensatory growth during both fetal and postnatal stages before reaching the finishing period. For example, placental development and uterine blood flow in beef cows increase during realimentation following a period of nutrient restriction during early gestation (Vonnahme et al, 2007;Camacho et al, 2014), giving 1 possible time period for fetal compensatory growth. Although it is unclear if fetal development was altered by maternal nutrient restriction or RUP supplementation during early and midgestation in the current study, data here suggest that calves are able to overcome poor nutrient availability during early fetal development and perform similarly to offspring born to well-nourished dams during the finishing phase.…”

Section: Effects Of Maternal Dietary Treatment During Gestationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Small intestinal growth measures are correlated with feed efficiency in market weight cattle, despite minimal effects of maternal nutrition during early to midgestation1

Meyer

Hess

Paisley

et al. 2014

Journal of Animal Science

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We hypothesized that gestational nutrition would affect calf feed efficiency and small intestinal biology, which would be correlated with feed efficiency. Multiparous beef cows (n = 36) were individually fed 1 of 3 diets from d 45 to 185 of gestation: native grass hay and supplement to meet NRC recommendations (control [CON]), 70% of CON NEm (nutrient restricted [NR]), or a NR diet with a RUP supplement (NR+RUP) to provide similar essential AA as CON. After d 185 of gestation, cows were managed as a single group, and calf individual feed intake was measured with the GrowSafe System during finishing. At slaughter, the small intestine was dissected and sampled. Data were analyzed with calf sex as a block. There was no effect (P ≥ 0.33) of maternal treatment on residual feed intake, G:F, DMI, ADG, or final BW. Small intestinal mass did not differ (P ≥ 0.38) among treatments, although calf small intestinal length tended (P = 0.07) to be greater for NR than NR+RUP. There were no differences (P ≥ 0.20) in calf small intestinal density or jejunal cellularity, proliferation, or vascularity among treatments. Jejunal soluble guanylate cyclase mRNA was greater (P < 0.03) for NR+RUP than CON and NR. Residual feed intake was positively correlated (P ≤ 0.09) with small intestinal mass and relative mass and jejunal RNA content but was negatively correlated (P ≤ 0.09) with jejunal mucosal density and DNA concentration. Gain:feed was positively correlated (P ≤ 0.09) with jejunal mucosal density, DNA, protein, and total cells and was negatively correlated (P ≤ 0.05) with small intestinal relative mass, jejunal RNA, and RNA:DNA. Dry matter intake was positively correlated (P ≤ 0.09) with small intestinal mass, relative mass, length, and density as well as jejunal DNA and protein content, total cells, total vascularity, and kinase insert domain receptor and endothelial nitric oxide synthase 3 mRNA and was negatively correlated (P = 0.02) with relative small intestinal length. In this study, calf performance and efficiency during finishing as well as most measures of small intestinal growth were not affected by maternal nutrient restriction during early and midgestation. Results indicate that offspring small intestinal gene expression may be affected by gestational nutrition even when apparent tissue growth is unchanged. Furthermore, small intestinal size and growth may explain some variation in efficiency of nutrient utilization in feedlot cattle.

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“…Uterine artery ultrasonography scans were performed in Experiment 2 as previously published (Camacho et al., ). Briefly, transrectal Doppler ultrasonography scans (Aloka SSD‐3500; Aloka America, Wallingford, CT, USA) were performed by positioning a linear finger probe (Aloka UST‐672; 7.5 MHz) dorsally in hand on the abdominal aorta, detecting the origin of the external iliac, and tracing this artery caudally to locate the internal iliac artery to establish the branch point of the uterine artery.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Supplementation of distiller's grains during late gestation in beef cows consuming low‐quality forage decreases uterine, but not mammary, blood flow

Mordhorst

Zimprich

Camacho

et al. 2016

Animal Physiology Nutrition

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Positive effects have been observed in offspring from beef cows supplemented with corn dried distillers grain with solubles (DDGS) during late gestation. The hypothesis of this study was that late gestational DDGS supplementation to beef cows would increase blood flow (BF) to the gravid uterus and mammary gland thus impacting birthweight and post-natal growth of the offspring. Experiment 1 investigated mammary gland BF in multiparous cows during late pregnancy. Beef cows were fed a control (CON1) diet of low-quality hay (n = 5) or a supplement diet (SUP1) of low-quality hay with DDGS [1.7 g/kg of body weight (BW); n = 6]. In Experiment 2, multiparous late pregnant beef cows were fed either a control (CON2) diet of a low-quality hay (n = 4) or a supplement diet (SUP2) of low-quality hay with DDGS (1.7 g/kg of BW; n = 5). Uterine and mammary gland BF were recorded every 21 days during late gestation. In Experiment 1, there were no effects of diet or day on mammary gland hemodynamics. In Experiment 2, total and ipsilateral uterine BF was less (p ≤ 0.04) in SUP2 vs. CON2 cows and similar BF to contralateral horns. Mammary gland BF was unaltered by maternal supplementation. Even when measured in two different years in two different environments, mammary gland BF remained unaltered to DDGS supplementation. Investigations on the mechanism that may impact uterine BF during late gestation remain to be known.

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Effects of maternal nutrient restriction followed by realimentation during midgestation on uterine blood flow in beef cows

Cited by 34 publications

References 24 publications

Maternal periconceptional and first trimester protein restriction in beef heifers: effects on placental parameters and fetal and neonatal calf development

Maternal periconceptional and first trimester protein restriction in beef heifers: effects on placental parameters and fetal and neonatal calf development

Small intestinal growth measures are correlated with feed efficiency in market weight cattle, despite minimal effects of maternal nutrition during early to midgestation1

Supplementation of distiller's grains during late gestation in beef cows consuming low‐quality forage decreases uterine, but not mammary, blood flow

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