Background:The initial 1000 days of human life, from conception to two years of age, are crucial for health growth and neuropsychological development. This period's primary environmental influence is maternal nutrition, which significantly impacts the development of the fetal nervous system. Objectives: This review aims to synthesize current literature on the effects of dietary patterns and nutritional status of pregnant women on the neurodevelopment of their offspring. Methods: Adhering to the Scale for the Quality Assessment of Narrative Review Articles (SANRA) and elements of the PRISMA guidelines, we conducted a systematic literature search in electronic databases including PubMed, Scopus, and Mendeley, focusing on publications from 2018 to 2023. Results: Our review encapsulates findings from 25 peer-reviewed articles, highlighting the influence of various nutrients like polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), vitamin D, folate, iodine, and iron on child neurodevelopment. Studies also examined the effects of maternal dietary patterns, body mass index (BMI), and alcohol exposure. Key findings indicate the crucial role of balanced maternal nutrition in optimal neurodevelopmental outcomes in children. Discussion: The review reveals intricate relationships between maternal dietary habits, supplementation, and child growth and neurological development. While some nutrients show clear benefits, others present mixed findings, underlining the complexity of maternal nutrition's role in child development.
Conclusion:The review underscores the importance of balanced maternal nutrition for favorable neurodevelopmental outcomes in offspring, calling for more detailed research to understand the nuanced roles of specific nutrients and dietary patterns. Biomed Rev 2023; 34: 109-119