Effects of Marine Toxin Domoic Acid on Innate Immune Responses in Bay Scallop Argopecten irradians

Chi, Cheng; Zhang, Caiyan; Liu, Jiadai; Zheng, Xiaochuan

doi:10.3390/jmse7110407

Cited by 6 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…The immune system of marine bivalves is sensitive to algal toxins. Chi et al found that exposure to domoic acid impaired immune functions in the bay scallop [ 27 ]. Abi-Khalil et al reported that exposure to PST-producing dinoflagellates significantly increased the susceptibility of oysters to pathogenic vibrio [ 28 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transcriptome and Network Analyses Reveal the Gene Set Involved in PST Accumulation and Responses to Toxic Alexandrium minutum Exposure in the Gills of Chlamys farreri

Wang

Lou

et al. 2022

IJMS

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Bivalve molluscs are filter-feeding organisms that can accumulate paralytic shellfish toxins (PST) through ingesting toxic marine dinoflagellates. While the effects of PST accumulation upon the physiology of bivalves have been documented, the underlying molecular mechanism remains poorly understood. In this study, transcriptomic analysis was performed in the gills of Zhikong scallop (Chlamys farreri) after 1, 3, 5, 10, and 15 day(s) exposure of PST-producing dinoflagellate Alexandrium minutum. Higher numbers of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were detected at day 1 (1538) and day 15 (989) than that at day 3 (77), day 5 (82), and day 10 (80) after exposure, and most of the DEGs were only regulated at day 1 or day 15, highlighting different response mechanisms of scallop to PST-producing dinoflagellate at different stages of exposure. Functional enrichment results suggested that PST exposure induced the alterations of nervous system development processes and the activation of xenobiotic metabolism and substance transport processes at the acute and chronic stages of exposure, respectively, while the immune functions were inhibited by PST and might ultimately cause the activation of apoptosis. Furthermore, a weighted gene co-expression network was constructed, and ten responsive modules for toxic algae exposure were identified, among which the yellow module was found to be significantly correlated with PST content. Most of the hub genes in the yellow module were annotated as solute carriers (SLCs) with eight being OCTN1s, implying their dominant roles in regulating PST accumulation in scallop gills. Overall, our results reveal the gene set responding to and involved in PST accumulation in scallop gills, which will deepen our understanding of the molecular mechanism of bivalve resistance to PST.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transcriptome and Network Analyses Reveal the Gene Set Involved in PST Accumulation and Responses to Toxic Alexandrium minutum Exposure in the Gills of Chlamys farreri

Wang

Lou

et al. 2022

IJMS

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“…Several harmful algae can provoke a stimulation of immune functions, while others cause inhibition [ 68 ]. Chi et al [ 27 ] found that exposure to domoic acid impaired immune functions in the bay scallop A. irradians . In P. maximus , the immune system process was one of the enriched terms in the proteins coded by DEGs that showed interaction in STRING ( Figure 2 and Figure 3 , Supplementary Files S6–S8 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There is an expansion of Hsp70 (heat shock protein 70 kDa) genes from the Hspa12 subfamily in Mizuhopecten yessoensis [ 71 ], and a gene of this subfamily ( heat shock 70 kDa protein 12A-like ) was up-regulated in P. maximus ( Supplementary File S1 ). A up-regulation of HSP genes after exposure to harmful algae toxins (including domoic acid) has been found in several bivalves [ 27 , 28 , 71 , 72 , 73 , 74 , 75 ], although in A. opercularis , after exposure to domoic acid-producing Pseudo-nitzschia , HSP genes were both up- and down-regulated [ 30 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several publications have described the physiological effects of domoic acid and domoic acid-producing organisms on marine bivalves: transient DNA damage in Mytilus edulis after de injection of domoic acid [ 22 ], mild respiratory alkalosis in Mytilus californianus after the exposure to domoic acid-producing Pseudo-nitzschia [ 23 ], transient respiratory acidosis, hypoxia, and increase in the activity and number of haemocytes in Crassostrea gigas following the exposure to domoic acid-producing Peseudo-nitzschia [ 23 , 24 ], negative impacts on survival and growth rate in juvenile Pecten maximus exposed to domoic acid-spiked feed [ 25 ], negative effects on growth and survival in Pecten maximus larvae exposed to dissolved domoic acid [ 26 ], impairment of immune functions and oxidative stress in Argopecten irradians exposed to dissolved domoic acid [ 27 , 28 ]. In two previous works, we studied the transcriptional effects of domoic acid-containing Pseudo-nitzschia in the digestive gland of the mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis [ 29 ] and the queen scallop Aequipecten opercularis [ 30 ] by means of RNA-seq technology.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Transcriptional Response in the Digestive Gland of the King Scallop (Pecten maximus) After the Injection of Domoic Acid

Ventoso

Pazos

Blanco

et al. 2021

Toxins

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Some diatom species of the genus Pseudo-nitzschia produce the toxin domoic acid. The depuration rate of domoic acid in Pecten maximus is very low; for this reason, king scallops generally contain high levels of domoic acid in their tissues. A transcriptomic approach was used to identify the genes differentially expressed in the P. maximus digestive gland after the injection of domoic acid. The differential expression analysis found 535 differentially expressed genes (226 up-regulated and 309 down-regulated). Protein–protein interaction networks obtained with the up-regulated genes were enriched in gene ontology terms, such as vesicle-mediated transport, response to stress, signal transduction, immune system process, RNA metabolic process, and autophagy, while networks obtained with the down-regulated genes were enriched in gene ontology terms, such as response to stress, immune system process, ribosome biogenesis, signal transduction, and mRNA processing. Genes that code for cytochrome P450 enzymes, glutathione S-transferase theta-1, glutamine synthase, pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase 2, and sodium- and chloride-dependent glycine transporter 1 were among the up-regulated genes. Therefore, a stress response at the level of gene expression, that could be caused by the domoic acid injection, was evidenced by the alteration of several biological, cellular, and molecular processes.

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“…The published data indicate that M. galloprovincialis displays adaptive traits to maintain immune capacity upon prolonged PSTs exposure, including a selective evolutionary advantage [43] and the enhancement of detoxification and antioxidant defense systems [44]. In contrast, the immune system of A. irradians displayed negative effects when faced with the same stress [45], as immuno-depleted, chronic [46], and uncontrolled inflammation caused persistent tissue damage [47]. In summary, accumulative metabolism and mortality reflect differences in external physiological characteristics, and M. galloprovincialis present stronger immune responses to PSTs exposure.…”

Section: Differences In Physiological Characteristics Between M Gallo...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Transcriptome Analysis Reveals MAPK/AMPK as a Key Regulator of the Inflammatory Response in PST Detoxification in Mytilus galloprovincialis and Argopecten irradians

Dong

Zheng

et al. 2022

Toxins

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Paralytic shellfish toxins (PSTs) are an increasingly important source of pollution. Bivalves, as the main transmission medium, accumulate and metabolize PSTs while protecting themselves from damage. At present, the resistance mechanism of bivalves to PSTs is unclear. In this study, Mytilus galloprovincialis and Argopecten irradians were used as experimental shellfish species for in situ monitoring. We compared the inflammatory-related gene responses of the two shellfish during PSTs exposure by using transcriptomes. The results showed that the accumulation and metabolism rate of PSTs in M. galloprovincialis was five-fold higher than that in A. irradians. The inflammatory balance mechanism of M. galloprovincialis involved the co-regulation of the MAPK-based and AMPK-based anti-inflammatory pathways. A. irradians bore a higher risk of death because it did not have the balance system, and the regulation of apoptosis-related pathways such as the PI3K-AKT signaling pathway were upregulated. Taken together, the regulation of the inflammatory balance coincides with the ability of bivalves to cope with PSTs. Inflammation is an important factor that affects the metabolic pattern of PSTs in bivalves. This study provides new evidence to support the studies on the resistance mechanism of bivalves to PSTs.

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Effects of Marine Toxin Domoic Acid on Innate Immune Responses in Bay Scallop Argopecten irradians

Cited by 6 publications

References 43 publications

Transcriptome and Network Analyses Reveal the Gene Set Involved in PST Accumulation and Responses to Toxic Alexandrium minutum Exposure in the Gills of Chlamys farreri

Transcriptome and Network Analyses Reveal the Gene Set Involved in PST Accumulation and Responses to Toxic Alexandrium minutum Exposure in the Gills of Chlamys farreri

Transcriptional Response in the Digestive Gland of the King Scallop (Pecten maximus) After the Injection of Domoic Acid

Transcriptome Analysis Reveals MAPK/AMPK as a Key Regulator of the Inflammatory Response in PST Detoxification in Mytilus galloprovincialis and Argopecten irradians

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