Effects of marine reserves on the reproductive biology and recruitment rates of commonly and rarely exploited limpets

Nakin, M. D. V.; McQuaid, Christopher D.

doi:10.2989/1814232x.2016.1255255

Cited by 5 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 84 publications

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“…By contrast, Scutellastra argenvillei, which inhabits semi-exposed to exposed areas (Branch and Steffani, 2004), was recorded as being harvested at only one site in any numbers. The absence of S. longicosta, S. cochlear and S. granularis from any catch records supports the view that they are rarely harvested in the region we investigated, although S. longicosta is harvested on the more easterly shores of South Africa (Hockey et al, 1988;Nakin et al, 2012;Nakin and McQuaid, 2014;Nakin and McQuaid, 2016).…”

Section: Selection Of Species and Sizes By Harvesterssupporting

confidence: 81%

“…As a result of growing numbers of MPAs, questions have been asked worldwide about their effectiveness in mitigating anthropogenic impacts and allowing recovery of depleted populations (Benedetti-Cecchi et al, 2003;Garcıá-Charton et al, 2008;Abecasis et al, 2015;Coppa et al, 2015). In South Africa, critical examination of the performance of MPAs has often focused on particular species and specific reserves, such as Langebaan Lagoon in the West Coast National Park (Kerwath et al, 2009), Dwesa-Cwebe Nature Reserve (Lasiak, 1993a;Lasiak, 1993b;Lasiak, 1998, Lasiak, 2006, Branch and Odendaal, 2003Nakin et al, 2012;Nakin and McQuaid, 2014;Nakin and McQuaid, 2016), Tsitsikamma (Buxton and Smale, 1989;Buxton, 1993;Cowley et al, 2002;Brouwer et al, 2003), de Hoop (Bennett and Attwood, 1991;Bennett and Attwood, 1993;Attwood and Bennett, 1994;Attwood and Bennett, 1995), Goukamma (Kerwath et al, 2008;Götz et al, 2009a;Götz et al, 2009b;Kerwath et al, 2013), Pondoland (Maggs et al, 2013;Mann et al, 2016) and Maputaland (Currie et al, 2012;Floros et al, 2012;Floros et al, 2013;Nel et al, 2013). In addition, two recent overviews of the effectiveness of all South African MPAs in terms of their ecological and socio-economic performances have been undertaken (Kirkman et al, 2021;Mann-Lang et al, 2021).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Assessing the effects of no-take zones in a marine protected area spanning two ecoregions and rock substrate types

2022

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This study assessed the effectiveness of no-take areas in the Table Mountain National Park MPA in protecting the biodiversity of intertidal rocky shores from impacts of harvesting. Surveys were conducted in areas of controlled harvesting and in no-take areas to compare the densities and sizes of exploited species and the community composition between shores experiencing these two levels of protection, in two ecoregions and on two types of rock substrate. Clear patterns emerged. Firstly, no-take areas had significantly greater densities of the exploited limpets Cymbula granatina, C. oculus and Scutellastra argenvillei, particularly on sandstone shores, relative to their abundance in harvested areas. Conversely, densities of the rarely harvested limpets S. cochlear, S. longicosta and S. granularis did not differ in any manner consistent with protection levels. Secondly, C. granatina and S. argenvillei were significantly larger in no-take areas, although C. oculus displayed the opposite pattern. None of the rarely harvested limpets showed consistent differences in sizes between protection levels. Thirdly, community composition differed between protection levels, particularly on sandstone shores and in the lower intertidal zones where limpets are common. No-take areas were distinguished by greater abundances of harvested limpets and mussels, while harvested areas were dominated by ephemeral and corticated algae, which flourished under reduced grazing pressure by limpets. Our study provides congruent evidence that no-take areas within this MPA are effective in maintaining a natural rocky-shore community composition, and natural densities and size structures of exploited species, testifying to the management success of no-take areas in the Table Mountain National Park, especially on sandstone shores of the Southern Benguela, where densities of harvested species are high, and harvesting is concentrated.

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Section: Selection Of Species and Sizes By Harvesterssupporting

confidence: 81%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing the effects of no-take zones in a marine protected area spanning two ecoregions and rock substrate types

2022

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“…currents, waves) at the time of settlement may determine in the first instance the location of settlers, followed by the presence of favourable habitat, together with selective settlement. In this regard, it would be important to elucidate whether recruitment is primarily mediated by competition (inter-or intraspecific) or by facilitation, because there can be several possible factors that could cause a negative or positive association between adults and recruits (Nakin & McQuaid, 2016). Table 2.…”

Section: Recruitmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…An important aspect concerns the origin of recruits. The degree to which adult population density affects recruitment density is influenced by not only the attraction of recruits to conspecifics, but also by how demographically open or closed a population is (Nakin & McQuaid, 2016). According to Henriques et al (2017), limpet populations cannot be considered fully open or fully closed, since some local larval retention is likely to occur despite larval dispersal.…”

Section: Recruitmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recruitment of the endangered limpet Patella ferruginea in the Chafarinas Islands (SW Mediterranean)

2022

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The recruitment of the endangered limpet Patella ferruginea in the Chafarinas Islands (SW Mediterranean) was studied over a 17-year period (1999‒2015). A total of 8115 recruits <20 mm in maximum diameter were counted in 95 transect censuses sampled during the study period. The presence of recruits began at the end of winter or beginning of spring (March‒April), when they reached a maximum shell diameter (MD) of at least 4 mm, with a peak in abundance occurring in spring. Smaller recruits were found on the lower infralittoral on the fringe of the vermetid gastropod Dendropoma lebeche and the crustose coralline algae Neogoniolithon brassica-florida, which suggests that settlement occurs at this shore level. Recruits reach 12‒27 mm at the end of their first year of life. A regular recruitment was detected for all studied years, with an average of 11.71 recruits m−1 across the study period. However, recruitment exhibited high interannual variability and did not occur evenly along the coastline of the islands. Higher recruitment was observed in 2001, 2011 and 2012, with a maximum density of 69.07 recruits m−1 in one transect in 2012. The density of recruits decreased in summer. No significant correlation was found between the density of recruits and adults. Between 1999‒2010, 29.29% of recruits were ‘phoretic’ on the shell of adults (1.81 recruits per host on average). Recruits climbed on to adults sometime after settlement, thus we suggest that ‘phoresy’ could favour the survival of young limpets instead of being due to selective settlement on adults. To improve and standardize recruitment monitoring in future studies, we propose that recruits are considered as those specimens <20 mm in MD and that recruitment censuses are carried out in spring, with additional censuses after summer to detect juvenile mortality. Additionally, we propose that 1 mm interval size classes are used for growth studies based on size‒frequency analyses.

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“…While intertidal species that are targeted for harvesting provide for relatively straightforward comparisons between harvested and unharvested sites, the findings of such studies have not always been so straightforward in South Africa, with the reserve's effects being weak or inconclusive in some cases, possibly related to ineffective compliance (e.g. Cole et al 2011;Nakin et al 2014Nakin et al , 2016. It has also proved difficult to generalise about reserve effects on the growth and mortality of different limpet species, as the responses appeared to be site-specific (Lasiak 2006) or species-specific (Nakin et al 2012), with species that are not harvested regularly showing no clear benefits of MPAs (Lasiak 1993;Baliwe 2021).…”

Section: Ecological Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluating the evidence for ecological effectiveness of South Africa’s marine protected areas

Kirkman

Mann

Sink

et al. 2021

African Journal of Marine Science

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The biodiversity and ecological integrity of many marine ecosystems are being threatened (Worm et al. 2006;O'Hara et al. 2019). For this reason, many marine habitats, species and ecosystem functions have been granted protection from human pressures in marine protected areas (MPAs), a tool that is increasingly favoured as a response to declines in marine biodiversity (Beaugrand et al. 2015;McCauley et al. 2015). The Convention on Biological Diversity's (CBD's) definition of a marine and coastal protected area is "any confined area within or adjacent to the marine environment, together with its overlying waters and associated flora, fauna, and historical and cultural features, which has been reserved by legislation or other effective means, including custom, with the effect that its marine and/or coastal biodiversity enjoys a higher level of protection than its surroundings" (CBD 2004, p 2). Many

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Effects of marine reserves on the reproductive biology and recruitment rates of commonly and rarely exploited limpets

Cited by 5 publications

References 84 publications

Assessing the effects of no-take zones in a marine protected area spanning two ecoregions and rock substrate types

Assessing the effects of no-take zones in a marine protected area spanning two ecoregions and rock substrate types

Recruitment of the endangered limpet Patella ferruginea in the Chafarinas Islands (SW Mediterranean)

Evaluating the evidence for ecological effectiveness of South Africa’s marine protected areas

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