Effects of Marijuana and Tobacco Smoke on Human Lung Physiology

Leuchtenberger, Cecilie; Leuchtenberger, Rudolf; Schneider, Andrée

doi:10.1038/241137a0

Cited by 81 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Therefore, the results of our experiments support the concept that THC is a mitotic poison. Leuchtenberger and her colleagues [7,8] have reported the induction of cells with increased or decreased DNA contents after exposure to marihuana smoke. These findings also support this concept.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

In vitro induction of segregational errors of chromosomes by natural cannabinoids in normal human lymphocytes

1980

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It has been shown that segregational errors (SE) of chromosomes can be induced by olivetol and several halogenated inhalation anesthetics. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of natural cannabinoids - including delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), cannabinol (CBN), and cannabidiol (CBD) - on chromosome segregation. Lymphocytes obtained from healthy adult males were incubated with various concentrations of natural cannabinoids for 72 hours. Anaphase preparations were made from these cultures. A statistically significant increase in the incidence of SE of chromosomes was observed in the lymphocytes exposed to THC at a concentration of 3.2 x 10(-6) M, but not to CBN or CBD. A greater incidence of bridge formations, anaphase lags, micronuclei, and unequal segregations in bipolar divisions and multipolar divisions were observed in THC-treated lymphocytes, compared with the controls. However, only anaphase lags and unequal segregations in bipolar divisions reached statistically significant levels. It appears that THC affects the formation of microtubules and spindles and may be considered as a mitotic poison. The value of examining SE as a part of cytogenetic studies on chemical mutagens is emphasized. A description of a classification system of SE developed in our laboratory is also presented. This system can be applied to studies using both normal human lymphocyte cultures and lymphoid cell lines.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

In vitro induction of segregational errors of chromosomes by natural cannabinoids in normal human lymphocytes

1980

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“…Since it has been shown that lymphocytes of normal individuals will undergo three or four divisional cycles during 72 hours of culture (12), the observed micronuclei might indicate that there is an increased anaphase lag with or without chromosomal breakage during the preceding cell divisions in vitro. Anaphase lag, formation of hypodiploid cells, and alterations of DNA content were also observed in cultures of human lung explants exposed to marihuana smoke (13). Tetrahydrocannabinol in 3 to 9 1uM concentration inhibits the growth of tetrahymena by reducing DNA and RNA synthesis (14).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Inhibition of Cellular Mediated Immunity in Marihuana Smokers

Nahas

Suciu‐Foca

Armand

et al. 1974

Science

228

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“…In vivo cytological investigations of Gilmour et al (1971) with two-day leukocyte cultures showed an increase of open chromatid breaks, and of chromosome type aberrations and rearrangements in heavy marihuana users. Leuchtenberger et al (1973aLeuchtenberger et al ( , 1973b and Gilmour et al (1971) strongly support the possibility of a genetic risk of Cannabis usage. Leuchtenberger et al (1973 b) reported, that fresh smoke from marihuana cigarettes have the same dele-terious effects on fibroblasts in vitro as smoke of Kentucky standard cigarettes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 82%

“…Rat embryonic cells in vitro exhibited no chromosome breaking activity after treatment of the mothers with Cannabis resin (Martin, 1969). With human lung explants in vitro Leuchtenberger et al (1973aLeuchtenberger et al ( , 1973b reported that smoke from marihuana cigarettes results in abnormalities in growth of the cells, mitosis, DNA synthesis, and in chromosomal aberrations. In vitro cytogenetic experiments with human blood cultures showed no increase of chromosomal aberrations after application of tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) (Neu et al, 1969) and THC (Stenchever and Allen, 1972).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chromosomal Damage in Chronical Users of Cannabis In Vivo Investigation with Two-day Leukocyte Cultures

Herha¹,

Obe²

1974

Pharmacopsychiatry

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Chromosome analyses were performed with 48 h leukocyte cultures of 20 chronical Cannabis users and 20 controls. The frequencies of exchange type aberrations (chromatid interchanges, dicentric chromosomes) can be arranged as follows: controls < Cannabis users < Cannabis users with hepatitis history. The results are discussed with respect to a possible genetic risk of chronical cannabis usage. Zusammenfassung Es wurden Chromosomenuntersuchungen an 48 h Leukozytenkulturen von 20 chronischen Cannabis-Konsumenten durchgeführt und mit einer Kontrollgruppe von 20 Personen verglichen. Die Häufigkeit der Aberrationen vom Austauschtyp (Chromatidtranslokationen, dizentrische Chromosomen) war: Kontrollgruppe < Cannabis-Konsumenten < Cannabiskonsumenten mit vorangegangener Hepatitis. Die Ergebnisse werden im Hinblick auf ein mögliches genetisches Risiko bei chronischem Cannabis-Konsum diskutiert.

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Effects of Marijuana and Tobacco Smoke on Human Lung Physiology

Cited by 81 publications

References 3 publications

In vitro induction of segregational errors of chromosomes by natural cannabinoids in normal human lymphocytes

In vitro induction of segregational errors of chromosomes by natural cannabinoids in normal human lymphocytes

Inhibition of Cellular Mediated Immunity in Marihuana Smokers

Chromosomal Damage in Chronical Users of Cannabis In Vivo Investigation with Two-day Leukocyte Cultures

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