Effects of margarine and butter consumption on distribution of trans‐18∶1 fatty acid isomers and conjugated linoleic acid in major serum lipid classes in lactating women

Abstract

Trans FA (TFA) have at least one trans double bond and comprise several isomers and types, including many of the CLA (e.g., c9,t11-18:2 CLA). Some TFA may have adverse effects (e.g., cardiovascular disease), whereas some are thought to have beneficial effects (e.g., anticarcinogenicity). The presence of TFA in human tissues and fluids is related to dietary intake, although this relationship is not completely understood--especially in regard to serum lipid fractions. This study was conducted as part of an investigation designed to test the influence of butter (B), "low TFA" margarine (LT), and regular margarine (RM) on milk fat content. Here we tested the secondary hypothesis that consumption of B, LT, and RM by lactating women would result in differential distribution of TFA and CLA in major serum lipid classes. Breast-feeding women (n = 11) participated in this randomized Latin-square study consisting of five periods: intervention I (5 d), washout I (7 d), intervention II (5 d), washout II (7 d), and intervention III (5 d). Extracted serum lipid was separated into cholesterol ester (CE), TAG, and phospholipid (PL) fractions and analyzed for total and isomeric TFA and CLA concentrations. Data indicate that TAG consistently contained the highest concentration of total t-18:1. No interaction between treatment and fraction was found for any of the t-18:1 isomers identified. Absolute concentration of each t-18:1 isomer was greatest during the RM period, regardless of fraction. On a relative basis, concentrations of t10-18:1 and t12-18:1 were most responsive to treatment in the CE fraction. The concentration of c9,t11-18:2 CLA was highest in the TAG fraction and lowest in the PL fraction, regardless of treatment. In summary, these results indicate (i) that there is a differential distribution of some isomeric TFA and CLA among human serum lipid fractions and (ii) that dietary TFA intake influences absolute and relative concentrations of some of the isomers in selected fractions.

F2-isoprostanes are correlated with trans fatty acids in the plasma of pregnant women

“…In the MIROS and CHUL cohorts, the 9t-18:1/11t-18:1 index was 0.67 and 0.39 respectively. Taken together, these results suggest that the pregnant women in the CHUL cohort had a diet richer in rTFA, and/or low in iTFA than the MIROS cohort [44]. Though, it would have been of interest to know the exact diet in TFA for the pregnant women of the two cohorts.…”

“…This ratio is known to be reduced by high dairy fat intake [53]. A previous study in lactating women demonstrated the effect of a change in the diet on the fatty acid composition in different plasma lipid fractions [44]. Thus, when women increased their consumption of butter, the phospholipid 9t-18:1/11t-18:1 index indicated a ratio of 0.5.…”

“…Dietary intake of TFA can be estimated based on the TFA levels in plasma phospholipids [40,[42][43][44][45]. Besides, the impact of a mild oxidative event like a typical pregnancy [24][25][26][27] on TFA generation remains to be determined.…”

The effect of pomegranate seed oil and grapeseed oil on cis‐9, trans‐11 CLA (rumenic acid), n‐3 and n‐6 fatty acids deposition in selected tissues of chickens

“…Results of Shahin et al. indicate that when CLA isomers are directly incorporated as dietary supplements, they preferentially accumulate in neutral lipids (Shahin, McGuire, Anderson, Williams, & McGuire, ). However, in our present study, elevated levels of RA were present also in tissues rich in polar lipids (phospholipids) which may be the result of high efficiency of PA conversion into RA.…”

Fatty acid distribution of cord and maternal blood in human pregnancy: special focus on individual trans fatty acids and conjugated linoleic acids

“…Nevertheless, comparison of data for total t FA is difficult since percentages of single fatty acids may vary according to the analysed plasma fractions (phospholipids vs . total lipids; [36]) and the applied method of analysis (GC-column, varying numbers of analysed/identified fatty acids, integration parameters, management of un-identified peaks).…”