Effects of manipulations to detect sliding hiatal hernia in dogs with brachycephalic airway obstructive syndrome

Broux, Olivier; Clercx, Cécile; Etienne, Anne-Marie; Busoni, Valéria; Claeys, Stéphanie; Hamaide, Annick; Billen, Frédéric

doi:10.1111/vsu.12735

Cited by 25 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 27 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Association and correlation between BOAS and GI disease have been identified previously . This correlation could explain the reported improvement of GI signs after surgical correction of BOAS .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 64%

“…In brachycephalic dogs, HH may occur secondary to abnormally decreased intrathoracic pressure as a result of increased respiratory effort . The increased transdiaphragmatic pressure gradient induces an axial separation of the LES from the hiatus, thereby weakening the gastroesophageal junction (GEJ) barrier pressure and allowing HH and possibly GERD to develop . Once the GEJ has been pulled into the thoracic cavity, the pressure barrier is weakened, allowing GER and subsequent esophagitis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Retrospective analysis of esophageal imaging features in brachycephalic versus non‐brachycephalic dogs based on videofluoroscopic swallowing studies

Eivers

Rueda

Liuti

et al. 2019

Veterinary Internal Medicne

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background Idiopathic esophageal dysmotility (ED) is increasingly recognized in young dogs of brachycephalic breeds. Few studies have objectively associated specific videofluoroscopic swallowing study (VFSS) features with brachycephaly, leading to under‐recognition of ED in brachycephalic breeds. Hypothesis/objectives To describe and compare VFSS in brachycephalic dogs versus non‐brachycephalic dogs presented for dysphagia or regurgitation, and to investigate associations between these imaging findings and patient signalment. Methods Retrospective analysis of VFSS of dogs presented for dysphagia or regurgitation (not megaesophagus) from 2006 to 2017. Cases were divided into brachycephalic and mesaticephalic breeds. The VFSS were reviewed using a standardized protocol by 2 examiners. Esophageal motility was assessed using specific criteria, and particular imaging features were noted and graded. Fisher's exact test was used to determine associations among signalment (including brachycephaly), final diagnosis, outcomes, and ED features. Results Thirty‐six dogs were included (n = 10 normal, n = 26 presumed ED). Twenty dogs (77%) with presumed ED were brachycephalic with a median age of 1 year (range, 0.2‐10.5 years). Most common were prolonged esophageal transit time (ETT; n = 21/26), decreased propagation of secondary peristaltic waves (n = 20/26), and gastroesophageal reflux (GER; n = 18/28). Eight dogs (all brachycephalic) had hiatal herniation (HH). Morphological esophageal variations were only observed in brachycephalic dogs. Brachycephaly was significantly associated with ED ( P = .005), prolonged ETT ( P = .41), GER ( P = .02), and HH ( P = .03). Conclusions and Clinical Importance The majority of dogs with presumed ED was young and brachycephalic and had specific abnormalities that were less frequent in mesaticephalic dogs with regurgitation or dysphagia.

show abstract

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 64%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Retrospective analysis of esophageal imaging features in brachycephalic versus non‐brachycephalic dogs based on videofluoroscopic swallowing studies

Eivers

Rueda

Liuti

et al. 2019

Veterinary Internal Medicne

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…This would be sufficient to induce an axial cranial displacement of the GEJ intrathoracically through the EH during inspiration, thereby contributing to GER 26,27 and predisposing to SHH. 21,[28][29][30] Aerophagia and delayed gastric emptying could also contribute to increasing the intra-abdominal pressure, further augmenting the transdiaphragmatic pressure gradient. 1 An enlarged EH is an anatomical alteration resulting from LES axial separation, which could also be explained by the same process of LES axial separation from the diaphragmatic crura in man.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…15 In the veterinary literature, no gold standard has been established to evaluate the upper GE tract. 21 Plain radiography may occasionally be effective for diagnosing SHH. However, videofluoroscopy and barium-swallowing studies are more useful to characterize GE abnormalities, such as GER, SHH, esophageal dysmotility, and redundancy.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Computed tomographic comparison of esophageal hiatal size in brachycephalic and non‐brachycephalic breed dogs

et al. 2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Objective: To determine whether an anatomical difference in esophageal hiatus (EH) size exists between brachycephalic and nonbrachycephalic dogs. Study design: Retrospective clinical study. Animals: Client-owned dogs (n = 87). Methods: Clinical records and images of dogs that underwent computed tomography between June 2015 and September 2018 were reviewed. For the first part of the study, EH and aortic (Ao) cross-sectional surface areas were measured in brachycephalic (group 1) and nonbrachycephalic dogs of similar body size (<15 kg) without respiratory or gastroesophageal (GE) signs (group 2) by using multiplanar reconstruction. Esophageal hiatus:aortic ratio was calculated. In the second part of the study, absolute EH measurements were also compared in weight-matched (WM) dogs (8-10 kg) from groups 1 and 2. Results: Mean (±SD) of EH:Ao values for group 1 (8.1 ± 2.8) were higher (P < .0001) than those for group 2 (3.7 ± 1.1). In addition, EH measurements of 20 WM dogs in group 1 were higher than those of 20 dogs in group 2 (P < .05). Conclusion: Esophageal hiatus cross-sectional surface area (directly and indirectly measured) in brachycephalic dogs was considerably larger than that in nonbrachycephalic dogs of generally similar body size. Clinical significance: Results of this study provide evidence to support the existence of a specific anatomical factor that could likely correlate to functional GE alterations (eg, regurgitation, gastroesophageal reflux, and sliding hiatal hernia) commonly seen in brachycephalic dogs.

show abstract

“…Dysphagia, vomiting and regurgitation are common clinical signs in brachycephalic breeds. The prevalence of hiatal hernia and oesophageal disease is high in French Bulldogs, and investigation for the evidence of gastroesophageal disease should be part of the BOAS diagnostic investigation prior to treatment [34,35].…”

Section: Surgical Treatment Of Airway Abnormalitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Consequences and Management of Canine Brachycephaly in Veterinary Practice: Perspectives from Australian Veterinarians and Veterinary Specialists

Fawcett

Barrs

Awad

et al. 2018

Animals

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Simple SummaryCanine and human co-evolution have disclosed remarkable morphological plasticity in dogs. Brachycephalic dog breeds are increasing in popularity, despite them suffering from well-documented conformation-related health problems. This has implications for the veterinary caseloads of the future. Whether the recent selection of dogs with progressively shorter and wider skulls has reached physiological limits is controversial. The health problems and short life expectancies of dogs with extremely short skulls suggests that we may have even exceeded these limits. Veterinarians have a professional and moral obligation to prevent and minimise the negative health and welfare impacts of extreme morphology and inherited disorders, and they must address brachycephalic obstructive airway syndrome (BOAS) not only at the level of the patient, but also as a systemic welfare problem.AbstractThis article, written by veterinarians whose caseloads include brachycephalic dogs, argues that there is now widespread evidence documenting a link between extreme brachycephalic phenotypes and chronic disease, which compromises canine welfare. This paper is divided into nine sections exploring the breadth of the impact of brachycephaly on the incidence of disease, as indicated by pet insurance claims data from an Australian pet insurance provider, the stabilization of respiratory distress associated with brachycephalic obstructive airway syndrome (BOAS), challenges associated with sedation and the anaesthesia of patients with BOAS; effects of brachycephaly on the brain and associated neurological conditions, dermatological conditions associated with brachycephalic breeds, and other conditions, including ophthalmic and orthopedic conditions, and behavioural consequences of brachycephaly. In the light of this information, we discuss the ethical challenges that are associated with brachycephalic breeds, and the role of the veterinarian. In summary, dogs with BOAS do not enjoy freedom from discomfort, nor freedom from pain, injury, and disease, and they do not enjoy the freedom to express normal behaviour. According to both deontological and utilitarian ethical frameworks, the breeding of dogs with BOAS cannot be justified, and further, cannot be recommended, and indeed, should be discouraged by veterinarians.

show abstract

Effects of manipulations to detect sliding hiatal hernia in dogs with brachycephalic airway obstructive syndrome

Cited by 25 publications

References 27 publications

Retrospective analysis of esophageal imaging features in brachycephalic versus non‐brachycephalic dogs based on videofluoroscopic swallowing studies

Retrospective analysis of esophageal imaging features in brachycephalic versus non‐brachycephalic dogs based on videofluoroscopic swallowing studies

Computed tomographic comparison of esophageal hiatal size in brachycephalic and non‐brachycephalic breed dogs

Consequences and Management of Canine Brachycephaly in Veterinary Practice: Perspectives from Australian Veterinarians and Veterinary Specialists

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About