Effects of Magnetite Nanoparticles on Soybean Chlorophyll

Abstract

Nanoparticles (NPs) have emerged as one of the most innovative and promising application in agriculture. Since plants are recognized as essential component of all ecosystems, the effects of NPs on plants may pave a new insight to the ecosystems. Here, uptake and translocation of superparamagnetic iron oxide NPs (SPIONs), with various surface charges, on soybean has been probed; in addition, the effects of SPIONs on variations of chlorophyll, in hydroponic condition, together with their ability for reduction of iron deficiency chlorosis were explored. We find that SPIONs, which were entered and translocated in the soybean, increased chlorophyll levels, with no trace of toxicity. Furthermore, it was found that physicochemical characteristics of the SPIONs had a crucial role on the enhancement of chlorophyll content in subapical leaves of soybean. The equivalent ratio of chlorophyll a to b, in all treatments with conventional growth medium iron chelate and SPIONs (as iron source), indicated no significant difference on the photosynthesis efficiency. Finally, it was observed that the effect of SPIONs on the soybean chlorophyll content may have influence on both biochemical and enzymatic efficiency in different stages of the photosynthesis reactions.

Fortification of micronutrients for efficient agronomic production: a review

“…Leveraging advanced spectroscopic and microscopic capabilities such as X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS), scanning/ transmission electron microscopy-energy dispersive spectroscopy (S/TEM-EDS), confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM), and other similar instrumentations, novel evidences are increasingly being presented of alternative uptake into plant tissues of Fe, Cu, Mn, Ni, Mo, and Zn in the form of oxides or composite particles (Aubert et al 2012;Dimkpa et al 2012bDimkpa et al , 2013aWang et al 2012a, b;Faisal et al 2013;Ghafariyan et al 2013;Pradhan et al 2013;Bandyopadhyay et al 2015). This is in contrast to the conventional uptake of micronutrients as ions, hitherto the consensus knowledge.…”

纳米材料与农作物之间的相互作用: 食品安全与启示

“…Other studies with different ENMs and crops revealed no differences in photosynthesis and gas exchange (net photosynthetic rate), transpiration, and stomatal conductance for CeO 2 -Zea mays, TiO 2 -Triticum aestivum, TiO 2 -Vicia faba or Fe 2 O 3 nanoparticlesGlycine max (Foltete et al, 2011;Larue et al, 2012a;Zhao et al, 2012a;Ghafariyan et al, 2013). However, unaltered gas exchange parameters did not mean that plants were unaffected; in fact, photosynthetic pigments and enzymatic structures at different stages of the photosynthesis reaction were found to be more sensitive endpoints than overall photosynthetic rates.…”

“…At these high levels, overt toxicity is frequently observed. For example, reduced germinated was noted with nanoparticle ZVI on Hordeum vulgare and Linum usitatissimum seeds at 250 mg/L, NP-ZnO on Zea mays seeds at 2000 mg/L, and CeO 2 on Medicago sativa, Zea mays and Cucumis sativus seeds at 2000 mg/L (Lin and Xing, 2007;LopezMoreno et al, 2010b;El-Temsah and Joner, 2012;Feizi et al, 2012;Ghafariyan et al, 2013). Compared to metal-based ENMs, CNTs were shown to not affect seed germination even at 2000 mg/L (Lin and Xing, 2007;Miralles et al, 2012a).…”

“…Based on these studies, some trends are evident: (1) Observable ENMs in shoots tend to be concentrated or restricted to locations near or within vascular tissues. This is likely a function of the transpiration flow/pattern through the leaf structure (Ghafariyan et al, 2013); (2) Small aggregates or individual particles are obviously more capable of long-range movement from root to subapical tissues, as compared to large aggregates from the same type of ENMs; (3) It is commonly found that leaf concentrations of ENMs are higher than that stems when expressed in amount per dry weight tissue; and (4) Separate from vascular transport, specific locations for ENMs distribution, such as the leaf periphery and trichomes, may be implicated in detoxifying pathways (Cifuentes et al, 2010). However, it is clear that large-scale patterns of in planta distribution are poorly understood.…”

“…Although exposure dose and duration vary significantly in the literature, negative effects on seedlings root/shoot elongation and biomass were noted for metal-based ENMs such as ZnO, CuO, Ag, and Al 2 O 3 , largely due to toxicity from the enhanced release of ions from ENMs. However, positive effects were noticed upon NP Au, Fe 2 O 3 , CeO 2 exposure over ion or bulk particle controls, including size-specific effects on root elongation (Barrena et al, 2009;Lopez-Moreno et al, 2010a;Ghodake et al, 2011;Dimkpa et al, 2012;Alidoust and Isoda, 2013;Ghafariyan et al, 2013). Conflicting data in the literature are common for carbon-based ENMs such as graphene, SWCNTs, and MWCNTs (Canas et al, 2008;Begum et al, 2011;Miralles et al, 2012a).…”