Effects of Magnesium Deficiency on Mechanisms of Insulin Resistance in Type 2 Diabetes: Focusing on the Processes of Insulin Secretion and Signaling

Kostov, Krasimir

doi:10.3390/ijms20061351

Cited by 162 publications

(162 citation statements)

References 75 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

144

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…63 An Mg 2+ deficiency (MgD) may exist in absence of hypomagnesaemia. 64 MgD has been implicated in perturbations of pancreatic beta-cell function, hyperinsulinaemia, IR and CVD due to its diverse and essential roles in an extensive list of cellular metabolic pathways, not least counting ATP transport, DNA repair capacity and cell viability. Mg 2+ is required to transport vitamin D around in the blood, and activation of vitamin D to its active form via hepatic and renal hydroxylation is Mg 2+ dependent.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationships between hyperinsulinaemia, magnesium, vitamin D, thrombosis and COVID-19: rationale for clinical management

et al. 2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Risk factors for COVID-19 patients with poorer outcomes include pre-existing conditions: obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease (CVD), heart failure, hypertension, low oxygen saturation capacity, cancer, elevated: ferritin, C reactive protein (CRP) and D-dimer. A common denominator, hyperinsulinaemia, provides a plausible mechanism of action, underlying CVD, hypertension and strokes, all conditions typified with thrombi. The underlying science provides a theoretical management algorithm for the frontline practitioners.Vitamin D activation requires magnesium. Hyperinsulinaemia promotes: magnesium depletion via increased renal excretion, reduced intracellular levels, lowers vitamin D status via sequestration into adipocytes and hydroxylation activation inhibition. Hyperinsulinaemia mediates thrombi development via: fibrinolysis inhibition, anticoagulation production dysregulation, increasing reactive oxygen species, decreased antioxidant capacity via nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide depletion, haem oxidation and catabolism, producing carbon monoxide, increasing deep vein thrombosis risk and pulmonary emboli. Increased haem-synthesis demand upregulates carbon dioxide production, decreasing oxygen saturation capacity. Hyperinsulinaemia decreases cholesterol sulfurylation to cholesterol sulfate, as low vitamin D regulation due to magnesium depletion and/or vitamin D sequestration and/or diminished activation capacity decreases sulfotransferase enzyme SULT2B1b activity, consequently decreasing plasma membrane negative charge between red blood cells, platelets and endothelial cells, thus increasing agglutination and thrombosis.Patients with COVID-19 admitted with hyperglycaemia and/or hyperinsulinaemia should be placed on a restricted refined carbohydrate diet, with limited use of intravenous dextrose solutions. Degree/level of restriction is determined by serial testing of blood glucose, insulin and ketones. Supplemental magnesium, vitamin D and zinc should be administered. By implementing refined carbohydrate restriction, three primary risk factors, hyperinsulinaemia, hyperglycaemia and hypertension, that increase inflammation, coagulation and thrombosis risk are rapidly managed.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationships between hyperinsulinaemia, magnesium, vitamin D, thrombosis and COVID-19: rationale for clinical management

et al. 2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The exact cause of insulin resistance is still not fully understood, it is well‐known which factors can lead to insulin resistance developing, such as overweight or obese, high‐calorie diet, chronic stress, Cushing's disease or polycystic ovary disease, sedentary lifestyle and so on. Insulin is well‐known for many physiological activities, such as promoting mitochondrial function, stimulating synthesis of fatty acids and glycogen, inducing cell proliferation and improving microcirculation . One of the primary functions for insulin is reducing blood glucose by inducing glucose uptake in insulin‐sensitive tissue such as heart, skeletal muscle and fat and it also inhibits glucose production in kidney, liver and small intestine .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Insulin is well‐known for many physiological activities, such as promoting mitochondrial function, stimulating synthesis of fatty acids and glycogen, inducing cell proliferation and improving microcirculation . One of the primary functions for insulin is reducing blood glucose by inducing glucose uptake in insulin‐sensitive tissue such as heart, skeletal muscle and fat and it also inhibits glucose production in kidney, liver and small intestine . Insulin resistance is a condition whereby insulin‐induced glucose uptake is impaired in the insulin‐sensitive tissue we mentioned above.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

New Insights into Bioactive Compounds of Traditional Chinese Medicines for Insulin Resistance Based on Signaling Pathways

Wang

Vijg

2019

Chemistry & Biodiversity

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Type 2 diabetes is a serious metabolic disease as a long‐term threat to human health. Insulin resistance is not only the basis and major feature of type 2 diabetes, but also the main etiology of diseases such as hypertension, hyperlipidemia and coronary heart disease. It has been shown that Traditional Chinese Medicines (TCMs) play an important role in the treatment of type 2 diabetes, through attenuating insulin resistance, whereas the mechanism involved is not yet well understood. Therefore, it is important to elucidate the pharmacological mechanism of these bioactive compounds so that one can pave the way for the modernization of TCMs. In this review, we focus on the recent progresses of some bioactive ingredients from TCMs with different functional groups, which exhibit therapeutic potential for the treatment of diabetic insulin resistance. It is expected that this review can provide new references for developing TCM‐derived drugs against diabetes and insulin resistance in the future.

show abstract

“…DM patogenezinde; çinko (Zn), magnezyum (Mg) ve bakır (Cu) gibi elementler ile vitamin D'nin önemli rol oynadığı bildirilmiştir (1). Nitekim bu parametrelerin değişimi insülin ve glukoz metabolizmasında bozulmalara neden olmaktadır (2,3). Mg, potasyumdan sonra hücre içinde ikinci sıklıkta bulunan katyondur.…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

“…Pankreas beta hücrelerinde hücre içi Mg'nin pürin nükleotidleri ile oluşturduğu kompleks yapı birer membran proteini olan GLUT 2 ve K-ATP kanalları aracılığıyla insülin sekresyonunda rol almaktadır. Bununla beraber bu kompleks yapı periferal hücre yüzeyinde bulunan insülin reseptörlerinin metabolik etkinliği ile doğrudan ilişkilidir(2). Düşük magnezyum düzeylerinde hücre içi tirozin kinaz enzim aktivitesindeki bozulmaya sekonder periferik insülin direnci gelişimi tetiklenebilir (10).…”

unclassified

The Relationship between Magnesium Level with Glucose Regulation and Amount of Proteinuria in Type 2 Diabetes

Kırık¹,

Ata²,

Bozyel³

2019

JSTR

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Diabetes Mellitus is a globally common, chronic metabolic disease. In progression of disease itself, peripheral insülin resistance and insülin secretion disorders can be observed. In addition there can be electrolyte disorders such as magnesium, calcium and iron deficiency. Magnesium levels may have significant role in the clinical course of the disease. In this study, it is aimed to observe relationship among magnesium levels glucose regulation and proteinuria. In this cross sectional study, 200 diabetic patients were examined for magnesium levels. Blood parameters and proteinuria levels were determined and the patients were divided into two groups as hypomagnesemic and normomagnesemic. Glucose levels, HbA1c and proteinuria levels were compared between groups. Of the cases (n=200), 59 (29.5 %) were male and 141 (70.5 %) were female. The frequency of hypomagnesemia was 38.5 %. The incidence of hypomagnesemia in women (46.1 %) was significantly higher than in men (20.3 %) (p=0.001). In hypomagnesemia group, glucose level (179.7 ± 60.2 mg/dL) was higher than normomagnesemia group (160.7 ± 52 mg/dL) (p=0.013). However, no statistically significant difference was observed between the groups in terms of HbA1c level. Proteinuria levels were higher in hypomagnesemia group (0.18 ±0.12 mg/mg) than normomagnesemia group (0.14±0.05 mg/mg) (p=0.013). Magnesium deficiency is a common condition in diabetic patiens and may have negative effects on glucose regulation and proteinuria. Randomized controlled trials are needed to clarify the role of magnesium in diabetic complications.

show abstract

Effects of Magnesium Deficiency on Mechanisms of Insulin Resistance in Type 2 Diabetes: Focusing on the Processes of Insulin Secretion and Signaling

Cited by 162 publications

References 75 publications

Relationships between hyperinsulinaemia, magnesium, vitamin D, thrombosis and COVID-19: rationale for clinical management

Relationships between hyperinsulinaemia, magnesium, vitamin D, thrombosis and COVID-19: rationale for clinical management

New Insights into Bioactive Compounds of Traditional Chinese Medicines for Insulin Resistance Based on Signaling Pathways

The Relationship between Magnesium Level with Glucose Regulation and Amount of Proteinuria in Type 2 Diabetes

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About