Effects of magnesium citrate, magnesium oxide and magnesium sulfate supplementation on arterial stiffness in healthy overweight individuals: a study protocol for a randomized controlled trial

Abstract

Background Arterial stiffness is closely related to the process of atherosclerosis, an independent cardiovascular risk factor, and predictive of future cardiovascular events and mortality. Recently, we showed that magnesium citrate supplementation results in a clinically relevant improvement of arterial stiffness. It remained unclear whether the observed effect was due to magnesium or citrate, and whether other magnesium compounds may have similar effects. Therefore, we aim to study the long-term effects of magnesium citrate, magnesium oxide and magnesium sulfate on arterial stiffness. In addition, we aim to investigate possible underlying mechanisms, including changes in blood pressure and changes in gut microbiota diversity. Methods In this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, a total of 162 healthy overweight and slightly obese men and women will be recruited. During a 24-week intervention, individuals will be randomized to receive: magnesium citrate; magnesium oxide; magnesium sulfate (total daily dose of magnesium for each active treatment 450 mg); or placebo. The primary outcome of the study is arterial stiffness measured by the carotid–femoral pulse wave velocity (PWV c–f ), which is the gold standard for quantifying arterial stiffness. Secondary outcomes are office blood pressure, measured by a continuous blood pressure monitoring device, and gut microbiota, measured in fecal samples. Measurements will be performed at baseline and at weeks 2, 12 and 24. Discussion The present study is expected to provide evidence for the effects of different available magnesium formulations (organic and inorganic) on well-established cardiovascular risk markers, including arterial stiffness and blood pressure, as well as on the human gut microbiota. As such, the study may contribute to the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease in slightly obese, but otherwise healthy, individuals. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03632590 . Retrospectively registered on 15 August 2018. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13063-019-3414-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Possible prospects for using modern magnesium preparations for increasing stress resistance during COVID-19 pandemic

“…Magnesium citrate is a highly soluble and assimilable magnesium form, which is a unique compound by its effectiveness, as the citric acid anion takes part in the main biochemical process of all cells -the Krebs metabolic cycle (Ates et al 2019;Eremenko et al 2019). Citric acid promotes fat splitting, speeds up metabolism, and eliminates hunger (Schutten et al 2019). In this connection, that organic magnesium salt can be recommended for use in cases of combined magnesium deficiency and obesity.…”

Long‐term magnesium supplementation improves glucocorticoid metabolism: A post‐hoc analysis of an intervention trial

“…Furthermore, we could not differentiate whether the effect on glucocorticoid metabolism was due to supplementation of magnesium or due to potential effects of citrate. However, in our future study, we will address effects of different magnesium supplements (magnesium citrate, magnesium oxide and magnesium sulphate) on cardiovascular risk markers, including arterial stiffness and blood pressure 38 . Finally, as the post‐hoc analyses we performed are exploratory and hypothesis generating, the current findings should be interpreted with caution.…”

Вплив «західної» Дієти На Розвиток Атеросклерозу

“…Виявлено, що додавання магнію в раціон позитивно впливає на артеріальну жорсткість та стабілізує АСБ [50,51]. Сьогодні пропонуються стратегії корекції ендотеліальної дисфункції за допомогою прийому препаратів магнію [6].…”