Effects of macronutrient manipulation on postprandial metabolic responses in overweight males with high fasting lipids during simulated shift work: A randomized crossover trial

Bonham, Maxine P.; Kaias, Elleni; Huggins, Catherine E.; Davis, Rochelle; Leung, Gloria K W; Eikelis, Nina; Shaw, Emma; Murgia, Chiara

doi:10.1016/j.clnu.2019.02.018

Cited by 5 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…There was also a circadian pattern in plasma glucose concentration, with the circadian effect coming from the high fat diet consumption 74 . A recent randomised crossover trial comparing two isocaloric meals, differing in total sugar and saturated fat, was undertaken during a simulated night shift work in overweight males with high fasting lipids 75 . Although this study resulted in no significant changes in circadian gene expressions, modifying a meal by reducing saturated fat and sugar for a dinner meal was associated with improved glucose response 75 .…”

Section: Fatsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A recent randomised crossover trial comparing two isocaloric meals, differing in total sugar and saturated fat, was undertaken during a simulated night shift work in overweight males with high fasting lipids 75 . Although this study resulted in no significant changes in circadian gene expressions, modifying a meal by reducing saturated fat and sugar for a dinner meal was associated with improved glucose response 75 . Whilst the quality of fat ingested is known to influence metabolism, there is a lack of consistent information on the degree of saturation and chain length of fatty acids influencing postprandial glycaemia and lipidemia.…”

Section: Fatsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Healthy Modifying night meal by reducing saturated fat and sugar improved postprandial glucose 75 Holmbäck et al 74…”

Section: Menmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Men and women Healthy High protein meal attenuates glucose excursions compared with a standard meal at night 76 Bonham et al 75…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Chrononutrition in the management of diabetes

2020

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Circadian rhythms are 24-h cycles regulated by endogeneous molecular oscillators called the circadian clock. The effects of diet on circadian rhythmicity clearly involves a relationship between factors such as meal timings and nutrients, known as chrononutrition. Chrononutrition is influenced by an individual's "chronotype", whereby "evening chronotypes" or also termed "later chronotype" who are biologically driven to consume foods later in the day. Research in this area has suggested that time of day is indicative of having an influence on the postprandial glucose response to a meal, therefore having a major effect on type 2 diabetes. Cross-sectional and experimental studies have shown the benefits of consuming meals early in the day than in the evening on postprandial glycaemia. Modifying the macronutrient composition of night meals, by increasing protein and fat content, has shown to be a simple strategy to improve postprandial glycaemia. Low glycaemic index (GI) foods eaten in the morning improves glycaemic response to a greater effect than when consumed at night. Timing of fat and protein (including amino acids) co-ingested with carbohydrate foods, such as bread and rice, can reduce glycaemic response. The order of food presentation also has considerable potential in reducing postprandial blood glucose (consuming vegetables first, followed by meat and then lastly rice). These practical recommendations could be considered as strategies to improve glycaemic control, rather than focusing on the nutritional value of a meal alone, to optimize dietary patterns of diabetics. It is necessary to further elucidate this fascinating area of research to understand the circadian system and its implications on nutrition that may ultimately reduce the burden of type 2 diabetes.

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Section: Fatsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Fatsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Chrononutrition in the management of diabetes

2020

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“…A further randomised trial, again comparing meals eaten at 8 AM to 8 PM, compared a high‐protein/low‐carbohydrate to a low‐protein/high‐carbohydrate test meal, and although no differences in insulin response were observed, the high‐protein/low‐carbohydrate meal elicited a lower postprandial glucose response at night compared to the low‐protein/high‐carbohydrate meal; however, the postprandial glucose response was higher compared to either test meal consumed during the morning (Davis et al, 2019). In a randomised crossover study, Bonham et al compared high‐ versus low‐fat and sugar content meals, eaten at midnight; 3‐h postprandial glucose and insulin responses were lower after the low‐fat and sugar meal, compared to the high‐fat and sugar meal; no difference in 6 h postprandial triglyceride response was observed (Bonham et al, 2020). A further study conducted in shift workers investigated glucose response to the macronutrient composition of a meal (low vs. high sugar) consumed at night; this study found no difference between these meals in postprandial blood glucose at 120 min (Aarrebo Jensen et al, 2020).…”

Section: The Evidence Behind the Guidelinesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Eating on the night shift: A need for evidence‐based dietary guidelines?

et al. 2021

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Increasing 24‐h demand for products, services and health care is resulting in a substantial portion of the workforce engaging in shift work. Observational studies suggest an association between shift work exposure and increased incidence of cardiometabolic disease. Shift workers report less healthy diets compared to day workers. As diet is a modifiable behaviour, it is important to understand how it might mediate the relationship between shift work and health. We reviewed online dietary advice for shift workers by searching for existing guidelines for shift workers published by websites of credible sources, for example institutions or government agencies. Based on the 26 guidelines retrieved, the most common categories of advice were eating patterns (n = 25), general healthy eating and/or specific food groups (n = 22), control of caffeine intake (n = 23) and maintaining hydration/fluid intake (n = 17). Although the majority of publicly available advice for shift workers follows general healthy eating guidelines, there are inconsistencies in the recommendations around the frequency of eating and snacking. Few studies have investigated modification of diet quality in shift workers. With the goal of adding to the evidence base, the Shift‐eat study is a feasibility trial designed to test whether dietary intakes in line with UK healthy eating recommendations during night work improve markers of health (interstitial glucose and heart rate variability) in free‐living shift‐working employees. Shift work is unavoidable and necessary for many industries. With an increasing section of the population employed in jobs requiring shift work, consistent dietary guidance based on evidence from shift‐working populations is urgently needed to support maintenance of health and wellbeing in employees working outside standard daytime hours.

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