Effects of lysophospholipid on rainbow trout ( Oncorhynchus mykiss ) growth, biochemical indices, nutrient digestibility and liver histomorphometry when fed fat powder diet

Abstract

Global fish oil production is expected to be unsustainable because of distinction of ocean stocks and high demand (Natale et al., 2013).These limitations have forced aquaculture industry to replace lipid sources (Oliva-Teles et al., 2015). Among the fat sources, fish oil has been an ideal option to be added in fish diet in case of having unsaturated fatty acids and higher digestibility. On the contrary, using terrestrially based lipids like vegetable oil and fat powder, as alternative fat sources, could decrease the requirement for fish oil but they may reduce lipid digestibility (Amirkolaie et al., 2014). Vegetable oils are more resistant to lipolysis process than fish oil since lipase prefers to use polyunsaturated fatty acids as substrate (Austreng et al., 1979). On the other hand, low cholesterol level of vegetable oils

Dietary lysophosphatidylcholine regulates diacylglycerol, cardiolipin and free fatty acid contents in the fillet of turbot

“…Acylcarnitines transport fatty acids into mitochondria and are essential for β-oxidation and energy metabolism ( Jarrell et al, 2020 ). Although the crude lipid content in the muscle was only slightly decreased by the dietary LPC in the present study (Supplementary Table S4), other recent fish studies with species, such as channel catfish ( Liu et al, 2020 ) and rainbow trout ( Taghavizadeh et al, 2020 , Adhami et al, 2021 ), showed that dietary LPL supplementation reduced the cholesterol and lipid contents in whole body and liver. Up-regulation of acylcarnitines may contribute to the lipid-reducing effects of dietary LPC on farmed fish.…”

“…However, in recent years, increasing attention is being paid on the application of LPL (mostly lysolecithin) in fish feeds. Efficacy of dietary supplementation of LPL has been evaluated in fish species such as hybrid tilapia ( Oreochromis aureus ♂ × Oreochromis niloticus ♀ ) ( Li et al, 2010 ), channel catfish ( Ictalurus punctatus ) ( Liu et al, 2020 ), and rainbow trout ( Oncorhynchus mykiss ) ( Taghavizadeh et al, 2020 , Adhami et al, 2021 ), with most studies revealing positive effects of LPL (0.1%-0.9% in the diets) on fish growth performances.…”

Effects of Lysophosphatidylcholine on Intestinal Health of Turbot Fed High-Lipid Diets

“…Although LAB is not dominant in the normal intestinal microbiota of fish, some strains can colonize the intestine and then play important roles in the protection of host health [ 60 , 61 ]. A previous study has shown that the Lactobacillus population in broilers was increased by lysophospholipids (LPL) supplementation in the diet [ 23 ]. Similarly, in this study, the abundance of LAB belonging to Lactobacillus , Ligilatobacillus (especially L. murinus ), Fructilactobacillus (especially L.lindneri ), Weissella (especially W. cibaria ), Lactiplantibacillus (especially L. plantarum ), and Lactococcus (especially L. lactis ) was enhanced in fish-fed diets with different levels of LPC supplementation.…”

“…Furthermore, it has been reported that dietary LPC was effective in regulating the intestinal microbiota of terrestrial animals, such as broilers, sows, and piglets [ 19 , 21 , 22 ]. In fish, to date, some studies in hybrid tilapia ( Oreochromis aureus ♂ × Oreochromis niloticus ♀ ), channel catfish ( Ictalurus punctatus ), turbot ( Scophthalmus maximus L.), rainbow trout ( Oncorhynchus mykiss ), and the large yellow croaker ( Larimichthys crocea ) have investigated the effects of dietary LPC on fish growth and physiology [ 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 ]. However, few studies have investigated the effects of dietary LPC on fish intestinal health, including the regulation of intestinal mucosal barrier and intestinal microbiota.…”

Steelhead trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) fed probiotic during the earliest developmental stages have enhanced growth rates and intestinal microbiome bacterial diversity

“…In fact, fish fed probiotic only during the later developmental stages tended to perform worse than all the other treatment groups. The poorer performance of diet C fish may be linked to their lower VSI (Table 3) in comparison to fish not fed any probiotic (diet A) (Adhami et al, 2021;Liu et al, 2021). There is evidence that probiotic administration may actually diminish the health of fish under some growth conditions (Ramos et al, 2017).…”