Effects of Lycium barbarum Polysaccharides on Immunity and the Gut Microbiota in Cyclophosphamide-Induced Immunosuppressed Mice

Wang, Ying; Sun, Mingyi; Jin, Haiyan; Yang, Jianbo; Kang, Shuai; Liu, Yue; Yang, Shuang; Ma, Shuang‐Cheng; Ni, Jian

doi:10.3389/fmicb.2021.701566

Cited by 16 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 50 publications

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“…Our study showed that CTX injection significantly increased the relative abundance of Muribaculaceae , Prevotellaceae , and Tannerellaceae , but heat-killed LS06 intervention reversed these changes. CTX administration has been reported to decrease the abundance of Christensenellaceae , one of five taxa regarded as a sign of a healthy gut [ 40 , 41 ]. However, the abundance of Gracilibacteraceae and Hungateiclostridiaceae in the gut microbiota after CTX injection has not been elucidated.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Strain-Specific Identification and In Vivo Immunomodulatory Activity of Heat-Killed Latilactobacillus sakei K040706

Chung

Choi

Shin

et al. 2021

Foods

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We previously reported that the immunostimulatory activity of heat-killed Latilactobacillus sakei K040706 in macrophages and cyclophosphamide (CTX)-treated mice. However, identification of heat-killed L. sakei K040706 (heat-killed LS06) using a validated method is not yet reported. Further, the underlying molecular mechanisms for its immunostimulatory effects in CTX-induced immunosuppressed mice remain unknown. In this study, we developed strain-specific genetic markers to detect heat-killed L. sakei LS06. The lower detection limit of the validated primer set was 2.1 × 105 colony forming units (CFU)/mL for the heat-killed LS06 assay. Moreover, oral administration of heat-killed LS06 (108 or 109 CFU/day, p.o.) effectively improved the body loss, thymus index, natural killer cell activity, granzyme B production, and T and B cell proliferation in CTX-treated mice. In addition, heat-killed LS06 enhanced CTX-reduced immune-related cytokine (interferon-γ, interleukin (IL)-2, and IL-12) production and mRNA expression. Heat-killed LS06 also recovered CTX-altered microbiota composition, including the phylum levels of Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, and Proteobacteria and the family levels of Muribaculaceae, Prevotellaceae, Tannerellaceae, Christensenellaceae, Gracilibacteraceae, and Hungateiclostridiaceae. In conclusion, since heat-killed L. sakei K040706 ameliorated CTX-induced immunosuppression and modulated gut microbiota composition, they have the potential to be used in functional foods for immune regulation.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Strain-Specific Identification and In Vivo Immunomodulatory Activity of Heat-Killed Latilactobacillus sakei K040706

Chung

Choi

Shin

et al. 2021

Foods

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“…Previous studies have shown that the immune response can affect the degeneration process of neurons in the central nervous system [ 57 , 100 ]. In fact, it has long been found that LBPs can enhance immune function, and it is speculated that the beneficial effect of LBPs on improving I/R may also be mediated by immune regulation, but there is no conclusion at present [ 101 , 102 , 103 , 104 ].…”

Section: Lbps and Vascular Retinopathymentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Lycium barbarum L. Polysaccharides on Vascular Retinopathy: An Insight Review

Yang

Zhao

et al. 2022

Molecules

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Vascular retinopathy is a pathological change in the retina caused by ocular or systemic vascular diseases that can lead to blurred vision and the risk of blindness. Lycium barbarum polysaccharides (LBPs) are extracted from the fruit of traditional Chinese medicine, L. barbarum. They have strong biological activities, including immune regulation, antioxidation, and neuroprotection, and have been shown to improve vision in numerous studies. At present, there is no systematic literature review of LBPs on vascular retinal prevention and treatment. We review the structural characterization and extraction methods of LBPs, focus on the mechanism and pharmacokinetics of LBPs in improving vascular retinopathy, and discuss the future clinical application and lack of work. LBPs are involved in the regulation of VEGF, Rho/ROCK, PI3K/Akt/mTOR, Nrf2/HO-1, AGEs/RAGE signaling pathways, which can alleviate the occurrence and development of vascular retinal diseases in an inflammatory response, oxidative stress, apoptosis, autophagy, and neuroprotection. LBPs are mainly absorbed by the small intestine and stomach and excreted through urine and feces. Their low bioavailability in vivo has led to the development of novel dosage forms, including multicompartment delivery systems and scaffolds. Data from the literature confirm the medicinal potential of LBPs as a new direction for the prevention and complementary treatment of vascular retinopathy.

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“…Intestinal flora play a mediating role in the process of interaction between polysaccharides and human body. Most of the beneficial health effects of polysaccharides have been associated with its reversal impacts on gut microbiota dysbiosis ( Wang et al, 2021b ). Mental illnesses, such as depression, Parkinson’s disease, Alzheimer’s disease and autism have been linked to gut microbiota.…”

Section: Effects Of Polysaccharides On Epilepsy Through Gut Microbiotamentioning

confidence: 99%

Polysaccharides, Next Potential Agent for the Treatment of Epilepsy?

Xie

et al. 2022

Front. Pharmacol.

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Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disorder. Current pharmacological therapies for epilepsy have limited efficacy that result in refractory epilepsy (RE). Owing to the limitations of conventional therapies, it is needed to develop new anti-epileptic drugs. The beneficial effects of polysaccharides from Chinese medicines, such as Lycium barbarum polysaccharides (COP) and Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides (GLP), for treatment of epilepsy include regulation of inflammatory factors, neurotransmitters, ion channels, and antioxidant reactions. Especially, polysaccharides could be digested by intestinal microbial flora, referred as “intestinal brain organ” or “adult’s second brain”, may be the target for treatment of epilepsy. Actually, polysaccharides can effectively improve the type and quantity of intestinal flora such as bifidobacteria and lactic acid bacteria and achieve the purpose of treating epilepsy. Therefore, polysaccharides are hypothesized and discussed as potential agent for treatment of epilepsy.

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Effects of Lycium barbarum Polysaccharides on Immunity and the Gut Microbiota in Cyclophosphamide-Induced Immunosuppressed Mice

Cited by 16 publications

References 50 publications

Strain-Specific Identification and In Vivo Immunomodulatory Activity of Heat-Killed Latilactobacillus sakei K040706

Strain-Specific Identification and In Vivo Immunomodulatory Activity of Heat-Killed Latilactobacillus sakei K040706

Effects of Lycium barbarum L. Polysaccharides on Vascular Retinopathy: An Insight Review

Polysaccharides, Next Potential Agent for the Treatment of Epilepsy?

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