Effects of low-protein diet on the intestinal morphology, digestive enzyme activity, blood urea nitrogen, and gut microbiota and metabolites in weaned pigs

Yu, Defu; Zhu, Weiyun; Hang, Suqin

doi:10.1080/1745039x.2019.1614849

Cited by 31 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…Base on previous study, it has been well demonstrated that low dietary CP could reduce product costs, nitrogen excretion and diarrhea [ 31 ]. Mounting evidence indicates that low dietary CP reduced the growth performance by affecting intestinal morphology, digestive enzymes and gut microbiota in weaned piglets [ 11 , 13 ]. Furthermore, accumulating evidence suggest that high dietary CP reduced mRNA expression of glycolysis enzymes (GK, L-PK) and lipogenesis enzymes (ACACα, FASN), and upregulated mRNA expression of gluconeogenesis enzymes in rats [ 11 , 32 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Animals fed a high CP level diet is associated with excretion of nitrogen, which is a major contributor to environmental pollution [ 11 ]. Therefore, low CP diets supplemented with crystalline amino acids have been extensively investigated as an effective strategy to reduce product cost, nitrogen excretion, and diarrhea in weaned piglets [ 12 , 13 ]. Over the past two decades, growing studies have prompted us to investigate the effects of low CP diet supplemented with or without amino acids on growth performance, intestinal metabolism, and gut microbiota [ 14 , 15 , 16 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Impact of Dietary Crude Protein Level on Hepatic Lipid Metabolism in Weaned Female Piglets

Liu

Yang

et al. 2021

Animals

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Amino acids serve not only as building blocks for proteins, but also as substrates for the synthesis of low-molecular-weight substances involved in hepatic lipid metabolism. In the present study, eighteen weaned female piglets at 35 days of age were fed a corn- and soybean meal-based diet containing 20%, 17%, or 14% crude protein (CP), respectively. We found that 17% or 20% CP administration reduced the triglyceride and cholesterol concentrations, while enhanced high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) concentration in serum. Western blot analysis showed that piglets in the 20% CP group had higher protein abundance of hormone-sensitive triglyceride lipase (HSL) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator 1α (PGC-1α), as compared with other groups. Moreover, the mRNA expression of sterol regulatory element binding transcription factor 1 (SREBPF1), fatty acid synthase (FASN), and stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD) were lower in the 17% or 20% CP group, compared with those of the piglets administered with 14% CP. Of note, the mRNA level of acetyl-CoA carboxylase alpha (ACACα) was lower in the 17% CP group, compared with other groups. Additionally, the mRNA level of lipoprotein lipase (LPL), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha α (PPARα), glucose-6-phosphatase catalytic subunit (G6PC), and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 1 (PKC1) in the liver of piglets in the 20% CP group were higher than those of the 14% CP group. Collectively, our results demonstrated that dietary CP could regulate hepatic lipid metabolism through altering hepatic lipid lipogenesis, lipolysis, oxidation, and gluconeogenesis.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Dietary Crude Protein Level on Hepatic Lipid Metabolism in Weaned Female Piglets

Liu

Yang

et al. 2021

Animals

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“…However, unchanged concentrations of amines in the ileum were observed in a study which also found no effects of dietary crude protein level on other metabolites such as SCFA and ammonia [20]. Furthermore, some studies detected different results in the different intestinal segments, or between the applied protein levels and sampling moments [33,46,48]. For example, the concentration of tyramine was only increased in the jejunum but not colon when dietary crude protein level was increased by 6% units [48].…”

Section: Biogenic Aminesmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…Furthermore, some studies detected different results in the different intestinal segments, or between the applied protein levels and sampling moments [33,46,48]. For example, the concentration of tyramine was only increased in the jejunum but not colon when dietary crude protein level was increased by 6% units [48]. Furthermore, increased concentrations of cadaverine in caecal digesta as a result of higher dietary crude protein levels were found on day 25 and 45 but not day 10 [33].Overall, in most studies, increasing the dietary crude protein level results in increased biogenic amine levels in the digesta and faeces of pigs.…”

Section: Biogenic Aminesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Fermentable Protein, by Feeding High Protein Diets, on Microbial Composition, Microbial Catabolic Activity, Gut Health and beyond in Pigs

et al. 2020

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In pigs, high protein diets have been related to post-weaning diarrhoea, which may be due to the production of protein fermentation metabolites that were shown to have harmful effects on the intestinal epithelium in vitro. In this review, we discussed in vivo effects of protein fermentation on the microbial composition and their protein catabolic activity as well as gut and overall health. The reviewed studies applied different dietary protein levels, which was assumed to result in contrasting fermentable protein levels. A general shift to N-utilisation microbial community including potential pathogens was observed, although microbial richness and diversity were not altered in the majority of the studies. Increasing dietary protein levels resulted in higher protein catabolic activity as evidenced by increased concentration of several protein fermentation metabolites like biogenic amines in the digesta of pigs. Moreover, changes in intestinal morphology, permeability and pro-inflammatory cytokine concentrations were observed and diarrhoea incidence was increased. Nevertheless, higher body weight and average daily gain were observed upon increasing dietary protein level. In conclusion, increasing dietary protein resulted in higher proteolytic fermentation, altered microbial community and intestinal physiology. Supplementing diets with fermentable carbohydrates could be a promising strategy to counteract these effects and should be further investigated.

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“…It has been hypothesized that a reduction in dietary protein and the use of more digestible proteins can therefore affect the microbial composition. Studies have proven that a reduction of the crude protein content in the feed formula resulted in an increase of the microbial diversity in both the small and the large intestine; the promotion of Lachnospiraceae, Prevotellaceae and Veillonellaceae in the large intestine; and reduction of the abundance of non-beneficial bacteria, including Streptococcaceae and Enterobacteriaceae, in the small intestine [114,115]. Dietary fermentable carbohydrates represent a suitable substrate for the microbiota; thus, they can play a crucial role in modulating the intestinal microbiota of post-weaning piglets [116,117].…”

Section: Post-weaning Dietmentioning

confidence: 99%

Timely Control of Gastrointestinal Eubiosis: A Strategic Pillar of Pig Health

et al. 2021

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The pig gastrointestinal tract (GIT) is an open ecosystem in which microorganisms and their host are mutually involved and continually adapt to different factors and problems which may or may not be host dependent or due to the production system. The aim of the present review is to highlight the factors affecting the GIT microbial balance in young pigs, focusing on the pre- and post-weaning phases, to define a road map for improving pig health and the production efficiency of the food chain. Birth and weaning body weight, physiological maturation, colostrum and milk (composition and intake), genetic background, environmental stressors and management practices, antibiotic use and diet composition are considered. Overall, there is a lack of knowledge regarding the effect that some factors, including weaning age, the use of creep feed, the composition of the colostrum and milk and the use of antibiotics, may have on the gut microbiome of piglets. Furthermore, the information on the gut microbiome of piglets is mainly based on the taxonomy description, while there is a lack of knowledge regarding the functional modification of the microbiota, essential for the exploitation of microbiota potential for modulating pig physiology.

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Effects of low-protein diet on the intestinal morphology, digestive enzyme activity, blood urea nitrogen, and gut microbiota and metabolites in weaned pigs

Cited by 31 publications

References 43 publications

Impact of Dietary Crude Protein Level on Hepatic Lipid Metabolism in Weaned Female Piglets

Impact of Dietary Crude Protein Level on Hepatic Lipid Metabolism in Weaned Female Piglets

Impact of Fermentable Protein, by Feeding High Protein Diets, on Microbial Composition, Microbial Catabolic Activity, Gut Health and beyond in Pigs

Timely Control of Gastrointestinal Eubiosis: A Strategic Pillar of Pig Health

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