Effects of low-level radio-frequency (3kHz to 300GHz) energy on human cardiovascular, reproductive, immune, and other systems: A review of the recent literature

Jauchem, James R.

doi:10.1016/j.ijheh.2007.05.001

Cited by 91 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 210 publications

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“…The reported sensation may be associated with the rise of the core temperature and/or the increase of the temperature in the region of the ear reported by some authors and due to local blood flow changes [3]. The studies carried out so far indicate that microwave-frequency EMF, including those emitted by mobile phones, cause various types of measurable biological and health effects [3]. Many biochemical and functional changes described in connection with EMF exposure may play a vital role in the pathogenesis of various diseases; for example, increased permeability of the blood-brain barrier, or changes in activation of endogenous opioids may be the underlying factors of the headaches reported by mobile phone users [4].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 86%

“…The study included an evaluation of: the frequency of occurrence and type of complaints, the use of mobile phones user's head. Although exposure due to mobile phone use is below the admissible maximum values specified in the relevant standards, it is worth noting that a lot of mobile phone users report heating and sensation of warmth around the ear [2,3]. The reported sensation may be associated with the rise of the core temperature and/or the increase of the temperature in the region of the ear reported by some authors and due to local blood flow changes [3].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although exposure due to mobile phone use is below the admissible maximum values specified in the relevant standards, it is worth noting that a lot of mobile phone users report heating and sensation of warmth around the ear [2,3]. The reported sensation may be associated with the rise of the core temperature and/or the increase of the temperature in the region of the ear reported by some authors and due to local blood flow changes [3]. The studies carried out so far indicate that microwave-frequency EMF, including those emitted by mobile phones, cause various types of measurable biological and health effects [3].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The risk of subjective symptoms in mobile phone users in Poland – An epidemiological study

Szyjkowska

Gadzicka

Szymczak

et al. 2014

International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health

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Objectives: To assess the type and incidence of subjective symptoms related to the use of mobile phones in Polish users. Material and Methods:The study was conducted in 2005 using a questionnaire survey. Although it has been quite a long time, up to now, no such data have been published for Poland. The questionnaire consisted of 53 questions concerning sex, age, education, general health, characteristics of a mobile phone (hand-held, loud-speaking unit) as well as the habits associated with its use (frequency and duration of calls, text messages, etc.) and complaints associated with using a mobile phone. Results: As many as 1800 questionnaires were sent. The response was obtained from 587 subjects aged 32.6±11.3 (48.9% women, 51.1% men); the age did not differ significantly between men and women. The subjects owned a cell phone for an average of 3 years. Majority of the respondents used the phone intensively, i.e. daily (74%) or almost daily (20%). Headaches were reported significantly more often by the people who talked frequently and long in comparison with other users (63.2% of the subjects, p = 0.0029), just like the symptoms of fatigue (45%, p = 0.013). Also, the feeling of warmth around the ear and directly to the auricle was reported significantly more frequently by the intensive mobile phone users, compared with other mobile phone users (47.3%, p = 0.00004 vs. 44.6%, p = 0.00063, respectively). Most symptoms appeared during or immediately after a call and disappeared within 2 h after the call. Continuous headache, persisting for longer than 6 h since the end of a call, was reported by 26% of the subjects. Conclusions: Our results show that the mobile phone users may experience subjective symptoms, the intensity of which depends on the intensity of use of mobile phones.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 86%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The risk of subjective symptoms in mobile phone users in Poland – An epidemiological study

Szyjkowska

Gadzicka

Szymczak

et al. 2014

International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health

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“…A few literature reviews have reported the evidence of adverse health effects in particular pregnancy outcomes among physiotherapists associated with exposure to RF EMFs. For example, a review by Jauchem 18) reported that population-based studies present ambivalent results for effects of RF EMFs on birth defects, fertility, neuroblastoma in offspring, and levels of reproductive hormones. In addition, a number of other reviews have assessed adverse health effects associated with RF EMFs from a variety of sources 19−21) .…”

Section: Diathermy Radiofrequency Electromagnetic Fieldsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Systematic Literature Review of Adverse Reproductive Outcomes Associated with Physiotherapists' Occupational Exposures to Non‐ionising Radiation

Shah

Farrow

2014

Journal of Occupational Health

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Systematic Literature Review of Adverse Reproductive Outcomes Associated with Physiotherapists' Occupational Exposures to Non‐ionising Radiation: Syed Ghulam Sarwar SHAH, et al. School of Health Sciences and Social Care, Brunel University London, UK— Objectives To review empirical research on adverse health and pregnancy outcomes associated with physiotherapists' occupational exposure to radiofrequency electromagnetic fields (RF EMFs) from shortwave (SWD) and microwave (MWD) diathermy devices. Methods A systematic review of peer reviewed literature published from 1990 to 2010 in the English language searched in eight online bibliographic databases: CINAHL, EBSCOhost, ISI Web of Knowledge, Medline, OSH UPDATE, PubMed Central, Science Direct, and Scopus. Results Findings suggest that physiotherapists' occupational exposure to SWD was statistically significantly associated with delayed time to pregnancy (>6 months), still birth, altered gender ratio (low ratio of boys to girls), congenital malformations and low birth weight (<2,500 g) among physiotherapists' offspring. Physiotherapists' exposure to MWD was also found to be statistically significantly associated with spontaneous abortion. However, causal mechanisms for these statistical associations are unknown. The present systematic review has found these adverse reproductive outcomes and health effects associations with RF EMFs from therapeutic diathermy devices to be inconsistent. Conclusions A number of studies did not find statistically significant results to replicate associations with such adverse outcomes, and therefore further research, preferably prospective studies of cohorts of physiotherapists, is warranted.

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“…There is also evidence to suggest a causal relationship between air pollution and fetal growth but the association is small and it is difficult to determine which particulates are most harmful [15][16][17][18]. However, there is equivocal or conflicting evidence on the associations between effects on the fetus and diagnostic X-rays [31], nonionizing radiation [20,21], exposure to hair products [26], and nitrates in drinking water [24].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk Perceptions of Environmental Hazards and Human Reproduction: A Community-Based Survey

et al. 2012

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Objectives. We have investigated the Australian public's perceived risks on human reproductive health from a number of identified environmental hazards. Methods. A sample of 1261 subjects was interviewed. This interview included specific questions related to perceived risks of certain environmental hazards to human reproductive health. Results. Women were almost twice as likely to rank all hazards as harmful or very harmful to human reproduction than men. Age also influenced perceived risk with those in the 35 and older age groups more likely to rank lead as a harmful hazard when compared with the 18-34 group. Pesticides were identified by 84.5% of the sample as the most harmful environmental hazard to human reproduction. Conclusions. Similar to other environmental hazards, different groups of people in the general population perceive hazards relating to reproductive health differently. This information is important for both policy makers and health professionals dealing with reproductive environmental health issues.

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Effects of low-level radio-frequency (3kHz to 300GHz) energy on human cardiovascular, reproductive, immune, and other systems: A review of the recent literature

Cited by 91 publications

References 210 publications

The risk of subjective symptoms in mobile phone users in Poland – An epidemiological study

The risk of subjective symptoms in mobile phone users in Poland – An epidemiological study

Systematic Literature Review of Adverse Reproductive Outcomes Associated with Physiotherapists' Occupational Exposures to Non‐ionising Radiation

Risk Perceptions of Environmental Hazards and Human Reproduction: A Community-Based Survey

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