Effects of low-intensity and high-intensity cycling with diesel exhaust exposure on soluble P-selectin, E-selectin, I-CAM-1, VCAM-1 and complete blood count

Abstract

BackgroundExposure to particulate matter 2.5 μm or less (PM2.5) that contains transition metals may play a role in systemic oxidative stress and inflammation. Exposure to diesel exhaust (DE) can increase adhesion molecules, which are important in the inflammatory response; however, it is unclear how exercising in DE affects adhesion molecules and how exercise intensity modulates this response.AimTo determine how DE exposure during exercise of varying intensities affects adhesion molecules and markers of systemic inflammation.MethodsEighteen males performed 30 min cycling bouts at low intensity and high intensity (30% and 60% of power at VO2peak (peak oxygen consumption) and a control condition (rest)). Each trial was performed once breathing filtered air (FA) and once breathing DE (300 μg/m3 of PM2.5, six trials in total). Prior to, immediately post, 1 and 2 hours post exposure, blood was drawn to measure parameters of a complete blood count and soluble (s) platelet-Selectin, endothelin-Selectin, intracellular cell adhesion molecule (sICAM)-1 and vascular cell adhesion molecule (sVCAM)-1. Data were analysed using repeated-measures analysis of variance.ResultsTwo hours following high-intensity exercise, sICAM-1 was significantly less in DE compared with FA (p=0.008). Immediately following rest (p=0.013) and high-intensity exercise (p=0.042) in DE, sICAM-1 was significantly greater than immediately following low-intensity exercise in DE. There were no significant differences in other markers between DE and FA.ConclusionsBased on this study, healthy individuals may not experience an acute increase in adhesion molecules and systemic inflammatory markers from exercising in DE compared with FA, and higher exercise intensities do not appear to increase the likelihood that DE will affect adhesion molecules and systemic inflammatory markers.

Association of plant‐based diet index with inflammatory markers and sleep quality in overweight and obese female adults: A cross‐sectional study

“…In addition, a dietary pattern high in sugar‐sweetened soft drinks, refined grains, diet soft drinks and processed meat but low in wine, coffee, cruciferous and yellow vegetables was shown to be associated with increased level of IL‐6, CRP, soluble intracellular cell adhesion molecule 1, soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 and E‐selectin 58 . Intracellular and vascular cell adhesion molecules and E‐selectin are adhesion molecules that play a pivotal role in inflammatory response 59 . These molecules are upregulated at sites of inflammation and immune reactivity in response to inflammatory cytokines, specially TNF‐α 60,61 .…”

“…58 Intracellular and vascular cell adhesion molecules and E-selectin are adhesion molecules that play a pivotal role in inflammatory response. 59 These molecules are upregulated at sites of inflammation and immune reactivity in response to inflammatory cytokines, specially TNFα. 60,61 However, some studies have reported no significant associations between plant-based diets and inflammatory markers.…”

Acute effects of short-term exposure to air pollution while being physically active, the potential for modification: A review of the literature

“…Most studies were conducted in North America and Europe. Six studies occurred in the United States, [43][44][45][46][47][48] five in Canada, [30][31][32][33][34] four in Spain, 29,35,36,38 three each in Denmark, [49][50][51] and Belgium, 52,5354 two in the United Kingdom 55,56 and two 37,57 were conducted in three different European cities (Antwerp, Belgium; Barcelona, Spain; London, United Kingdom). Three 29,35,36 of the four studies occurring in Spain were part of the TAPAS (Transportation, Air Pollution, and Physical Activities) Project.…”

“…Three 29,35,36 of the four studies occurring in Spain were part of the TAPAS (Transportation, Air Pollution, and Physical Activities) Project. Four of the five Canadian studies [30][31][32][33] were from the same research group, and all three studies from Denmark were also part of the same research group. [49][50][51] Both studies occuring in Antwerp, Barcelona, and London were part of the PASTA study (Physical Activity through Sustainable Transport Approaches).…”

“…Current guidelines, published in 2018, refer readers to the US EPA's Air Quality Index for information about when air conditions are unhealthy for physical activity. 16 In recent years, there have been several studies [29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38] specifically examining potential interactive effects of air pollution and physical activity on various health endpoints. This review evaluates and summarizes the scientific literature published since the year 2000 pertaining to potential interactive effects between short-term air pollution (<24 hours of exposure) and physical activity exposure on acute health endpoints.…”