Effects of low dose ketamine combined with local anesthetic on postoperative complications after impacted third molar surgery

Combination of articaine and ketamine V/S articaine alone after surgical extraction of impacted third molars

“…[ 14 ] and Yildrim et al . [ 15 ] Explanation for decreased swelling after the administration of ketamine was given by Mazar et al .,[ 16 ] and he stated that the anti-inflammatory effects of ketamine were mediated by the release of adenosine and adenosine through A2AR reduces the systemic inflammatory response by the inhibition of secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines as well as leukocyte activation and recruitment. Postoperative trismus was assessed in both the groups, before the surgery and postoperatively on 1 st , 3 rd , 7 th day, results suggest that trismus was significantly reduced on 3 rd day (39.06 ± 5.01) and 7 th day (40.18 ± 4.24) in group LAK as compared to group LAA [ Table 4 ].…”

A Comparative Study between the Effect of Combined Local Anesthetic and Low-dose Ketamine with Local Anesthetic on Postoperative Complications after Impacted Third Molar Surgery

“…2 Many therapeutic protocols have been designed to improve the postoperative comfort of the patient including different kind of flaps, 4 draining of wounds, 5 piezoelectric surgery, 6 postoperative extraoral and intraoral low level laser therapy, 7 the postoperative application of ice pack, 8 and postoperative systemic or topical application of various analgesics, muscle-relaxants, corticosteroids, anti-inflammatory drugs and antibiotics to suppress the mediators of inflammation which will reduce fluid transudation and will lessen edema. [9][10][11] Ketamine is a phencyclidine derivative that induces a state of dissociative anesthesia. 1 This is characterized as 'dissociation' between the thalamocortical and limbic systems, producing a cataleptic state during which the patient may appear awake but does not respond to commands.…”