Effects of long-term inorganic and organic fertilizations on the soil micro and macro structures of rice paddies

Abstract

Xinhua (2016) Effects of long-term inorganic and organic fertilizations on the soil micro and macro structures of rice paddies. Geoderma, 266 . pp. 66-74. ISSN 1872-6259 Access from the University of Nottingham repository: http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/41202/1/GEOD102621R1with_comments_final_20151202.pd f Copyright and reuse:The Nottingham ePrints service makes this work by researchers of the University of Nottingham available open access under the following conditions. This article is made available under the Creative Commons Attribution Non-commercial No Derivatives licence and may be reused according to the conditions of the licence. For more details see: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/2.5/ A note on versions:The version presented here may differ from the published version or from the version of record. If you wish to cite this item you are advised to consult the publisher's version. Please see the repository url above for details on accessing the published version and note that access may require a subscription. Abstract 26The soil structure of paddy soil is very dynamic from the aggregate to the pedon scale 27 because of intensive anthropogenic management strategies. In this study, we tested the 28 hypothesis that long-term inorganic and organic fertilization can affect soil structure at 29 different scales. Microstructure assessed by soil aggregates (3 -5 mm in diameter) and 30 macrostructure assessed by small soil cores (CoreS) (5 cm in diameter, 5 cm in height) and 31 large soil cores (CoreL) (10 cm in diameter, 10 cm in height) were sampled from three 32 long-term fertilization treatments, including no fertilizer (CK), application of inorganic 33 fertilizer (NPK), and a combination of inorganic fertilizer and organic manure (NPKOM), 34 established in 1982. They were scanned at two scales with two types of micro-Computed 35 Tomography (micro-CT) and quantified using image analysis. Results showed that relative to 36 CK treatment, long-term NPKOM fertilization increased soil organic C (SOC) by 28% and 37 available water content (AWC) by 20%, but decreased soil bulk density by 0.2 g cm -338 whereas NPK showed no difference. Soils under CK and NPK treatments exhibited an 39 identical dense structure at both aggregate and core scales in which pores were mainly 40 cracks resulting from shrink/swell processes, and showed no significant difference in porosity 41 and size distribution of the CT-identified pores (> 3.7 µm). As compared with the CK 42 treatment, the soil in the NPKOM treatment had greater intra-and inter-aggregate pores, 43 and increased porosity by 58.3%, 144.9%, and 65.9% at aggregate, CoreS, and CoreL 44 scales, respectively. These were attributed to the biopores formed from decayed roots, 45 stubble, and organic manures as a result of increased yields and direct amendment of 46 organic manure. Overall, this study demonstrates that organic fertilization can improve the 47

Biochar enhances soil hydraulic function but not soil aggregation in a sandy loam

“…Detailed settings of the scanning and image analysis can be found in Zhou et al . (). Briefly, samples were scanned at a voltage and a current of 110 kV and 100 μA, respectively.…”

“…The 50-mm-long soil cores were scanned at field moisture conditions with an industrial Phoenix Nanotom X-ray μ-CT (GE, Sensing and Inspection Technologies, GmbH, Wunstorf, Germany). Detailed settings of the scanning and image analysis can be found in Zhou et al (2016). Briefly, samples were scanned at a voltage and a current of 110 kV and 100 μA, respectively.…”

Aggregate Stability under Long-Term Fertilization Practices: The Case of Eroded Ultisols of South-Central China

“…Inappropriate soil management practices with intensive land development and utilization, as well as unfavorable soil properties, increase the risk of erosion and have been linked with low productivity, resulting in a great hindrance to the local socioeconomic development [3][4][5]. Fortunately, the adverse effect of soil erosion and degradation could be offset by improved management practices such as fertilizer input and agronomic management, which potentially could increase soil organic matter (SOM) or soil organic carbon (SOC) and restore soil physical properties, including soil aggregate stability [6][7][8][9][10].…”

A field study on the effect of organic soil conditioners with different placements on dry matter and yield of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum L.)

“…Composts are produced during the process of the decomposition of organic matter by microorganisms in the presence of oxygen. In general, the use of compost maintains and enhances stability and fertility of the agricultural soil (Angin et al 2017;Zhou et al 2016). Composts can have direct effects against disease, as well as stimulation of the competing microorganisms and also development of resistance in plants against diseases (Ebrahimi et al 2018;Carrera et al 2007).…”