Effects of long-term feeding of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB, Clophen A 60) on the length of the oestrous cycle and on the frequency of implanted ova in the mouse

Örberg, Jan; Kihlström, J. E.

doi:10.1016/0013-9351(73)90031-5

Cited by 77 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 4 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Prolonged estrous cycles were found in mice fed 0.8 mg/kg/day Clophen A60 for a 10-week period (23) However, in a fourth study (27), rats were fed 3.7 or 7.5 mg/kg/day Aroclor 1242 for 36 weeks, and no effects on estrous cycles were found. The studies reporting effects on estrous cycles differed from the study that did not find this effect in several respects, as shown in Table 3.…”

Section: Effects On Estrous Cycle and Conceptionmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…The studies reporting the effect used agents with a greater chlorine content and administered the agent in single daily doses rather than in feed, thus possibly producing higher peak plasma levels. Also, two studies (23,25) reporting an effect used the individual cycles, pooled across individuals within groups, as the unit for statistical analysis. Thus, the analysis did not take into account the fact that the cycles, obtained from multiple observations in each animal, were not independent events.…”

Section: Effects On Estrous Cycle and Conceptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Reproductive Toxicity of Commercial PCB Mixtures: LOAELs and NOAELs from Animal Studies

Golub¹,

Donald²,

Reyes³

1991

Environmental Health Perspectives

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This paper reviews the developmental/reproductive toxicity ofcommercial polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) mixtures in anhnals and reports on the "no-observable-adverse-effect levels" (NOAEI) and "lowest-observable-adverse-effect levels" (LOAELs) fromthese Identc nof the lwest effective doses for reproductive toxicity of PCB mixtures is diffiult becas avariety of roductive and _o effects have been reported in several species using different commercial mixtures. Factors to be considered include sensitiv of the end point, sensitivity of species, study quality, biological plausibility, and relevance to humans. End points affected at the lowest doses (sensitive end points) included postnatal groWth, dedopment, and functio Among species for whom seniiv end points have been evaluated, a LOAEL of0.25 mg/kg/day was identified for rodents on the basis ofdevelopmentl delas in growth and behavioral hfncon, and a LOEL of&MO mg/kday was identified for nonhuman at based on tal skin hyperpgmentation. NOELs were not identifiable for these sensitive end points because effects were reported at the lowest doses tested.

show abstract

Section: Effects On Estrous Cycle and Conceptionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Section: Effects On Estrous Cycle and Conceptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reproductive Toxicity of Commercial PCB Mixtures: LOAELs and NOAELs from Animal Studies

Golub¹,

Donald²,

Reyes³

1991

Environmental Health Perspectives

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Changes in circulating levels of ovarian steroids have been documented (36,55) at PCB treatment levels as low as 7.5 mg/kg/day for 36 weeks. Reduction of the number of fertilized ova that implant has also been reported (67). Moreover, PCB treatment has also been shown to induce a reduction in the number of ovarian follicles (67), thus suggesting that prolonged exposure could induced premature ovarian failure in sensitive individuals.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…Reduction of the number of fertilized ova that implant has also been reported (67). Moreover, PCB treatment has also been shown to induce a reduction in the number of ovarian follicles (67), thus suggesting that prolonged exposure could induced premature ovarian failure in sensitive individuals. In adult males treated with PCB, reduced sperm counts have also been documented.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…In adult animals (mice, rats, and monkeys) treated with PCBs (Clophen A-60 or Aroclor 1254), there is evidence of increased estrous/menstrual cycle lengths (36,67,68) and evidence of anovulation in the monkeys (36). Effects of PCBs on the estrous cycle, however, have not been found in another study in rats treated with Aroclor 1242 (3.7 or 7.5 mg/kg/day for 36 weeks).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

See 1 more Smart Citation

The reproductive toxicology of Great Lakes contaminants.

Foster

1995

Environ Health Perspect

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The Great Lakes basin is characterized as a heavily populated and industrialized region in which a large number of environmental contaminants have been identified. Both the scientific community and the public have voiced concern that contaminants present in the Great Lakes may pose undue risk to human reproduction. Evidence from animal experiments, wildlife studies, and reports of occupational and accidental human exposures indicate that chemical contaminants can adversely affect reproduction. The purpose of this paper is to review the reproductive toxicity of some of the many contaminants known to be present in the Great Lakes. Since the number of chemicals present in the Great Lakes is far too great for each to be adequately reviewed here, discussion will be limited to those contaminants that have been identified in human serum, ovarian follicular fluid, and semen obtained from people residing in the Great Lakes region. It is concluded that a) the data at present is too limited to support the notion that reproduction, in the general population, has been impaired by exposure to chemicals present in the Great Lakes; b) the lack of data in some cases such as for hexachloroethane and 1,2,4-trichlobenzene does provide reason for concern and underscores the need for further research in this area; and c) the potential for a number of the compounds, including polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis(pchlorophenyl) ethane (DDT), to disrupt endocrine functions suggests that additive or synergistic effects of these compounds may already be causing adverse effects on reproduction in sensitive individuals, which needs to be explored. -Environ Health Perspect 1 03(Suppl 9): 63-69 (1995)

show abstract

Halogenated Biphenyls

Mukerjee¹

2001

Patty's Toxicology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Polyhalogenated biphenyls are a family of compounds based on biphenyl as the parent compound. Chlorinated and brominated biphenyls have been manufactured for commercial purposes. There are 209 possible structural congeners of polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) and for polybrominated biphenyls (PBBs) the same number of congeners can exist. A listing of all PCB congeners is given along with their Chemical Abstract Services (CAS) Registry numbers an identifying numbering system are given. PCBs used commercially are complex mixtures consisting of various PCB congeners and isomers. It has been estimated that in the United States a total of 1400 million pounds of PCBs were manufactured of which 150 million pounds were exported, and 3 million pounds were imported. Because of their nonflammability, thermal stability, outstanding dielectric properties, and resistance to chemical reactivity, PCBs have been used extensively as dielectric fluids in liquid‐cooled electric motors, transformers, capacitors; electromagnets, vacuum pumps, gas turbines, hydraulic fluids; heat‐transfer systems; voltage regulators, liquid‐filled cable, fluorescent light ballasts, electronic equipment; as plasticizers in synthetic resins, adhesives, surface coatings, sealants, printing and carbonless coping papers, pesticide extenders, inks, lubricants, and cutting oils. PCBs have also been used in slide mounting medium for oil immersion lens microscopy. Although PCBs are no longer produced and their use has been discontinued in most countries, many old equipment filled with PCBs are still in service today. World wide approximately 800,00 tons of PCBs are still in use. These equipments are the new sources of environmental contamination when PCBs start leaking or when the equipments are disposed of. Commercial production of polybrominated biphenyls in the United States began in 1970 and was discontinued in early 1977. The general population may be exposed to PCBs from a variety of sources, including food, ambient air, occupational settings, and consumer products. The major exposure routes to humans are through food. Accidental oral exposures to PCBs have been reported. In all cases, total PCB levels must be based on specific congener analysis or direct perchlorination rather than in terms of Aroclors because the congener patterns in environmental media and biological tissues usually do not match those in Aroclor fluids unless massive contamination has occurred (typical of spills and some occupational situations). Thus predictive models based on specific congener data must also be utilized. The less chlorinated congeners predominate in air samples from known contaminated areas and in water and wet deposition samples with temperature and the amount of sediment in river and water samples being important covariables. In contrast, the more highly chlorinated isomers with substituents at the 2,4,5 or 2′,4′,5′ positions tend to bioaccumulate in some crop vegetables, game animals, fish, and human tissue samples. PCBs in contaminated soils can be absorbed by plants and vegetables with shallow‐root systems to PCB contamination, although volatilization in this situation is also favored; erosion of such soils will also cause contamination of sediments. The more chlorinated congeners dominate in soils and sediments and the resident biota (cash crops, vegetables, fish, aquatic life). The absolute levels in any situation depend on which of the competing processes dominates. PCB mixtures produce low to moderate acute toxicity in mammalian species, but produce pronounced subacute and chronic toxicity. In contrast, invertebrates exhibit greater acute toxicity to PCBs (LC 50 s<1 mg/L). In addition, as reported for other halogenated aromatic hydrocarbons, PCBs exhibit significant interspecies variability in toxicity. In considering the health effects of PCBs in animals, it is important to consider the isomer and congener composition of the PCBs, potential impurities, the length of exposure, and the species under investigation.

show abstract

Effects of long-term feeding of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB, Clophen A 60) on the length of the oestrous cycle and on the frequency of implanted ova in the mouse

Cited by 77 publications

References 4 publications

Reproductive Toxicity of Commercial PCB Mixtures: LOAELs and NOAELs from Animal Studies

Reproductive Toxicity of Commercial PCB Mixtures: LOAELs and NOAELs from Animal Studies

The reproductive toxicology of Great Lakes contaminants.

Halogenated Biphenyls

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About