Effects of long term and continuous magnetic field exposure on the water properties, growth performance, plasma biochemistry and body composition of tilapia in a recirculating aquaculture system

Influence of continuous magnetic field exposure on water properties and subsequent effects on the growth performance, plasma biochemistry, nutritive value and liver histopathology of Jade PerchScortum barcooin a recirculating system

“…A reduction in triglycerides could indicate less available energy while the elevated plasma AST is generally attributed (Sulaiman, Kamarudin, & Ismail, ) to compromised liver abnormalities or damage. The latter is based on the statement that when hepatocytes lyse, this enzyme would be released into the blood (Hassan et al, ). Various studies on fish have utilized plasma AST as an overall indicator of fish health (Hassan et al, ; Kumar, Makkar, Amselgurber, & Becker, ; Liu et al, ; Zhang, Xie, Wang, Li, & Shi, ) when supported by additional evidence to provide better confidence (Ebrahimi et al, ).…”

“…The latter is based on the statement that when hepatocytes lyse, this enzyme would be released into the blood (Hassan et al, ). Various studies on fish have utilized plasma AST as an overall indicator of fish health (Hassan et al, ; Kumar, Makkar, Amselgurber, & Becker, ; Liu et al, ; Zhang, Xie, Wang, Li, & Shi, ) when supported by additional evidence to provide better confidence (Ebrahimi et al, ). Another health indicator includes haematological changes (Blaxhall, ; Romano et al, ), and among the tested parameters, the white blood cell (WBC) was significantly lower in Jade Perch only at an exposure to 0.20 T. This may indicate a compromised in the immune system of the fish (Blaxhall, ) and is supported by the elevated AST and the liver histopathological changes of the fish.…”

“…Magnets have been used to improve various water quality parameters in tilapia culture and have been recognized as a new way to enhance some water quality parameters such as mineral solubility by reducing wastage water which have aquacultural and industrial applications (Bogatin, Bondarenko, Gak, Rokhinson, & Ananyev, ; Coey & Cass, ; Hassan, Sulaiman, Rahman, & Kamaruddin, ). Moreover, it was confirmed that magnets form larger water clusters via hydrogen bonding, this increase water tension and viscosity (AbdelHady, Younes, Ibrahim, & AbdelAziz, ; Cai, Hongwei, Jinsong, & Wanpeng, ).…”

“…As pointed out by Grisson () & Cai et al (), advantages of changes in water quality by magnets are yet to be explored in the aquacultural industry but have been utilized in other farming system. Nevertheless, cellular functions like mRNA, protein biosynthesis, gene expression and enzyme activities have been affected by magnetic field intensity and results to changes in cell metabolism, cell membrane characteristics, cell growth and reproduction (Hassan et al, ; Yaycili & Alikamanoglu, ). Plants growth and establishment are also affected by magnetic fields through magnetoreception of some organs (Atak, ; Florez, Carbonell, & Martínez, ; Galland & Pazur, ; Lucchesini et al, ; Pittman, Carefoot, & Ormrod, ).…”

“…The potential use of magnetized water has also extended to various fish species as well as Artemia spp (Hassan & Rahman, ; Krzemieniewski, Teodorowicz, Debowski, & Pesta, ; Thaker, Faris, & Jassim, ). For instance, Hassan et al, () reported that the 0.15 T promoted growth in tilapia while Thaker et al () found that increasing T levels from 0.075 to 0.30 enhanced several metabolisms in common carp, although the implications for productivity were not investigated. More recently, Hassan and Rahman () demonstrated that 0.10–0.20 T improved water quality parameters and even hatchability of Artemia.…”