Effects of Local Government Strategies on Community Development of Mogadishu Somalia

Abstract

Political instability has been a notable feature of Somalia since its independence in 1960. Somalia is frequently considered an archetypal failed state and terrorist safe haven. Since the overthrow of long-time Somali leader Siad Barre in 1991, Somalia has experienced failed international involvements, large-scale refugee flows, and the ongoing deficiency of even rudimentary state services and institutions; Somalis exist in surroundings of predation and pervasive insecurity and deprivation (Jose, 2015). The politics of Somalia have gone through various periods of change. Following the outbreak of the civil war and the ensuing collapse of the Siad Barre regime in the early 1990s, Somalia's residents reverted to local forms of conflict resolution, consisting of civil law, religious law and customary law. A few autonomous regions, including the Somaliland, Puntland and Galmudug administrations, emerged in the north in the ensuing process of decentralization. The early 2000s saw the creation of fledgling interim federal administrations (Human Rights Watch, 2015). The Transitional National Government was established in 2000 followed by the formation of its successor the Transitional Federal Government in 2004, which reestablished national institutions such as the Military of Somalia. In 2006, the Transitional Federal Government assisted by Somalia troops, assumed control of most of the nation's southern conflict zones from the newly formed Islamic Courts Union. The Islamic Courts Union subsequently splintered into more radical groups such as Al-Shabaab, which battled the TFG and its AMISOM allies for control of the region (Cecilia, 2014).