Effects of Local Application of Nano-silver on Osteomyelitis and Soft Tissue Infections: An Experimental Study in Rats

Kemah, Bahattin; Uzer, Gökçer; Turhan, Yalçın; Ozturan, Burak; Kiliç, Bülent; Gültepe, Bilge; Ceyran, Ayse Bahar; Ertürk, Selim; Aksoylu, Burak; Şenaydın, Özlem; Özkan, Korhan

doi:10.7150/jbji.22121

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 35 publications

(36 reference statements)

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“…This may be related to the fact that leukocyte counts may be within reference ranges during the subacute phase of the disease, a characteristic of osteomyelitis that has been shown in both rodents and humans. [15,16] C-reactive protein is an acute phase protein synthesized in the liver by the induction of IL-6. [17] Since the biological half-life of CRP is 19 h, which is relatively shorter than other acute phase reactants, elimination of the inflammatory source leads to a significant decline in CRP level within hours.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plasma RANKL level is not a reliable marker to monitor the bone destruction in mice model of osteomyelitis

Şen

2022

Jt Dis Relat Surg

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Bone destruction is the hallmark pathological feature of osteomyelitis. [1] Despite advanced antimicrobial treatments, osteomyelitis often leads to severe morbidity, mortality and healthcare expenditure as a consequence of difficult to treat, long-standing infections and frequent relapses. Early initiation of antibiotics has been shown to limit the progression of infection and lower the amount of bone destruction. [1,2] However, debridement of necrotic and/or infected tissue is almost always required in subjects with chronic osteomyelitis.The diagnosis of osteomyelitis is generally based on clinical signs, imaging studies and also blood tests measuring markers of inflammation, including erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), leukocyte count, C-reactive protein (CRP), and procalcitonin levels. [3] However, these blood tests are neither sensitive nor specific for osteomyelitis, since they can be elevated in any kind of infectious or non-infectious activation of inflammation. Moreover, these blood tests reflect Objectives: In this experimental study, we aimed to investigate the specific value of receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-Β ligand (RANKL) plasma level in osteomyelitis to show the bone destruction and to determine its correlation with classical markers of infection in mice model of osteomyelitis. Materials and methods:Sixty Balb/c female mice (30 to 40 g weight, 3.5 to 4 month-old) were divided into two groups: Controls (n=15) and study group (n=45). All mice underwent tibial decortication and received an injection of sclerosing agent into the intramedullary cavity. The next process was proceeded in two steps to observe the detectability of osteomyelitis-induced bone destruction (step 1) and treatment response (step 2) using the variables examined in our study. In step 1, the study group received 1 mL solution containing Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) bacteria (2¥108 per mL) into the intramedullary cavity. Five mice from each group were sacrificed every seven days for three weeks and tibia and blood samples were obtained. In step 2, the remaining 30 infected mice were further divided into two groups to investigate the possible value of RANKL plasma level as a marker of treatment response. Fifteen of these mice received teicoplanin 20 mg/kg for four weeks, while the rest did not receive antibiotics. Eight mice from each group were sacrificed at the end of the second week and the remaining 14 mice were sacrificed at the end of four weeks. Complete blood count, procalcitonin level, C-reactive protein (CRP), and RANKL concentrations were measured from blood samples of each sacrificed mouse.Results: Median RANKL concentration of the control subjects was significantly higher than recipients of intervention at the first and third weeks in step 1 where bone destruction of osteomyelitis was examined. No significant changes occurred in groups receiving and not receiving antimicrobial treatment in terms of RANKL, CRP, and procalcitonin levels throughout four weeks in step 2. The RANKL concentration was signifi...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plasma RANKL level is not a reliable marker to monitor the bone destruction in mice model of osteomyelitis

Şen

2022

Jt Dis Relat Surg

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“…Orthopedic implant-associated infection in vivo models that incorporate antimicrobial biomaterials have been developed to treat established infections following an initial debridement in a variety of species including mice, ,,,,− rats, ,,,,,,− rabbits, ,,,,,,,,− and dogs, for example (Table ). Models that evaluate treatment of implant infections generally involve an initial implantation of a tibial or femoral implant and bacterial inoculation.…”

Section: Incorporating Antimicrobial Materials Into Implant-associate...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Models for the treatment of orthopedic implant-associated infection included in Table serve a variety of functions including those that evaluate the efficacy of antibiotic dosing regimens, ,− ,, antibiotic-alternative agents ( e.g. , silver), ,, cement spacers, ,,,,,,− ,, and injectable implants ,,, and use novel imaging modalities to monitor the infection in real time …”

Section: Incorporating Antimicrobial Materials Into Implant-associate...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Advances in the Evaluation of Antimicrobial Materials for Resolution of Orthopedic Implant-Associated Infections In Vivo

et al. 2021

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While orthopedic implant-associated infections are rare, revision surgeries resulting from infections incur considerable healthcare costs and represent a substantial research area clinically, in academia, and in industry. In recent years, there have been numerous advances in the development of antimicrobial strategies for the prevention and treatment of orthopedic implant-associated infections which offer promise to improve the limitations of existing delivery systems through local and controlled release of antimicrobial agents. Prior to translation to in vivo orthopedic implant-associated infection models, the properties (e.g., degradation, antimicrobial activity, biocompatibility) of the antimicrobial materials can be evaluated in subcutaneous implant in vivo models. The antimicrobial materials are then incorporated into in vivo implant models to evaluate the efficacy of using the material to prevent or treat implant-associated infections. Recent technological advances such as 3D-printing, bacterial genomic sequencing, and real-time in vivo imaging of infection and inflammation have contributed to the development of preclinical implant-associated infection models that more effectively recapitulate the clinical presentation of infections and improve the evaluation of antimicrobial materials. This Review highlights the advantages and limitations of antimicrobial materials used in conjunction with orthopedic implants for the prevention and treatment of orthopedic implant-associated infections and discusses how these materials are evaluated in preclinical in vivo models. This analysis serves as a resource for biomaterial researchers in the selection of an appropriate orthopedic implant-associated infection preclinical model to evaluate novel antimicrobial materials.

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“…The MIC 50/90 values for each microorganism control strain studied indicate a significant microbicidal potential for nanomera. Silver in the nanoscale range of 10-20 nm in the matrix of 0.6 % sodium alginate in an aqueous medium has an antibacterial and fungicidal effect at low concentrations, which may be due to the larger specific surface of nanoparticles in this composition and the increased area of contact of nanosilver with microorganisms [4]. Hence the possibility of reducing the toxic effect of silver as a metal a hundred times while maintaining its bactericidal properties, including for the remaining viable but uncultivable micro-organisms [2,5].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental study of the biocidal effect of nanosilver

Tofan¹,

Pavlova²,

Dem'yanenko³

et al. 2022

Medical news of the North Caucasus

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Effects of Local Application of Nano-silver on Osteomyelitis and Soft Tissue Infections: An Experimental Study in Rats

Cited by 7 publications

References 35 publications

Plasma RANKL level is not a reliable marker to monitor the bone destruction in mice model of osteomyelitis

Plasma RANKL level is not a reliable marker to monitor the bone destruction in mice model of osteomyelitis

Recent Advances in the Evaluation of Antimicrobial Materials for Resolution of Orthopedic Implant-Associated Infections In Vivo

Experimental study of the biocidal effect of nanosilver

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