Effects of local anaesthesia and intravenous naloxone on the changes in behaviour and plasma concentrations of cortisol produced by castration and tail docking with tight rubber rings in young lambs

Analgesic effects of butorphanol tartrate and phenylbutazone administered alone and in combination in young horses undergoing routine castration

“…1 As a result, assessment of the effects of analgesia before and after castration of production animal species has increased markedly in the last decade. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10] In contrast, comparatively little research has been done to evaluate analgesic protocols and surgical techniques for castration of horses. [11][12][13][14] Among equine practitioners, there is considerable debate regarding the severity of pain that horses have after castration, 12,[15][16][17] with minimal, and often conflicting, data to inform the debate.…”

“…23 To date, most assessments of distress and pain caused by castration in lambs and other farm animals have involved changes in posture, locomotor activity, and plasma cortisol concentration as indirect indicators of pain. 1,2,[4][5][6]9,21,24,25 Despite the lack of agreement among veterinarians regarding the severity of pain experienced after castration of domestic animals and the difficulty in measuring pain in nonverbal species, there is ample evidence that signs of pain do develop in animals as a result of castration and that administration of analgesics decreases the severity of the signs. Findings of studies 1,[4][5][6]8,9,13,26,27 in horses and in agricultural species have consistently indicated that analgesic protocols diminish stress and abnormal behavior after castration.…”

“…1,2,[4][5][6]9,21,24,25 Despite the lack of agreement among veterinarians regarding the severity of pain experienced after castration of domestic animals and the difficulty in measuring pain in nonverbal species, there is ample evidence that signs of pain do develop in animals as a result of castration and that administration of analgesics decreases the severity of the signs. Findings of studies 1,[4][5][6]8,9,13,26,27 in horses and in agricultural species have consistently indicated that analgesic protocols diminish stress and abnormal behavior after castration. The use of local anesthesia prior to castration decreases pain-associated behaviors and plasma or serum cortisol concentration in pigs, 4 lambs, 1,5,6,8,26,27 and calves.…”

“…Findings of studies 1,[4][5][6]8,9,13,26,27 in horses and in agricultural species have consistently indicated that analgesic protocols diminish stress and abnormal behavior after castration. The use of local anesthesia prior to castration decreases pain-associated behaviors and plasma or serum cortisol concentration in pigs, 4 lambs, 1,5,6,8,26,27 and calves. 9 Intratesticular injection of lidocaine attenuates pain-associated physiologic changes such as increases in arterial blood pressure and cremaster muscle tension in isoflurane-anesthetized stallions.…”

Die Kastration beim männlichen Kalb und Lamm

“…Die Wirkung der Lokalanästhesie ist bei der Gummiringkastration besser als bei der Burdizzokastration. Dies ist darauf zurückzuführen, dass der Gummiring den Abfluss des Lidokains behindert und damit dessen Wirkung verlängert (Wood et al, 1991). Lidokain entfaltet seine Wirkung innerhalb von 2-5 Minuten nach der Applikation und hat eine Wirkdauer von ca.…”