Effects of livestock on guanaco<i>Lama guanicoe</i>density, movements and habitat selection in a forest–grassland mosaic in Tierra del Fuego, Chile

Moraga, Claudio; Funes, Martín; Pizarro, J. Cristóbal; Briceño, Cristóbal; Novaro, Andrés J.

doi:10.1017/s0030605312001238

Cited by 27 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 47 publications

(64 reference statements)

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“…Lama guanicoe Guanaco ? (Moraga et al, 2015) Cervidae Alces alces Moose + (Sweanor and Sandegren, 1988;Andersen, 1991b) ? (Histol and Hjeljord, 1993;Singh et al, 2012) ?…”

Section: Connochaetes Taurinusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence and Mechanisms of Partial Migration in Ungulates

et al. 2019

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Partial migration, a phenomenon wherein only some individuals within a population migrate, is taxonomically widespread. While well-studied in birds and fish, partial migration in large herbivores has come into the spotlight only recently due to the decline of migratory behavior in ungulate species around the world. We explored whether partial migration in ungulates is maintained at the population level through frequency-dependence, an environmental-genetic threshold, or a conditional strategy. Through a review of studies describing individual variation in migratory behavior, we then addressed how density-dependent and -independent factors such as social constraints, competition for forage, and escape from predators or pathogens, alone or together, could lead to occurrence of both migrants and residents within a population. We searched for evidence that intrinsic and extrinsic factors could combine with genetic predispositions and individual differences in temperament or life experience to promote migratory tendencies of individuals. Despite the long-held assumption for ungulates that migration is a fixed behavior of individuals, evidence suggested that flexibility in migratory behavior is more common than previously thought. Partial migration maintained by a conditional strategy results in changes in movement tactics as state-dependent responses of individuals. Data are needed to empirically demonstrate which factors determine the relative costs and benefits to using migratory vs. resident tactics. We outline what types of long-term data could address this need and urge those studying migration to meet these challenges in the interest of conserving partially migratory populations.

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“…Lama guanicoe Guanaco ? (Moraga et al, 2015) Cervidae Alces alces Moose + (Sweanor and Sandegren, 1988;Andersen, 1991b) ? (Histol and Hjeljord, 1993;Singh et al, 2012) ?…”

Section: Connochaetes Taurinusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence and Mechanisms of Partial Migration in Ungulates

et al. 2019

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“…Approximately two-thirds of the population is migratory; other individuals are resident in the summer or winter range throughout the year [ 23 – 25 ]. Although La Payunia Reserve is one of the few sites in South America where long-distance ungulate migrations are well documented, shorter migrations and other seasonal movements of guanacos are known to occur in other areas and likely were more common in the past when guanaco populations were large and barriers to movement were less common [ 22 , 26 , 27 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Response of pumas (Puma concolor) to migration of their primary prey in Patagonia

et al. 2017

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Large-scale ungulate migrations result in changes in prey availability for top predators and, as a consequence, can alter predator behavior. Migration may include entire populations of prey species, but often prey populations exhibit partial migration with some individuals remaining resident and others migrating. Interactions of migratory prey and predators have been documented in North America and some other parts of the world, but are poorly studied in South America. We examined the response of pumas (Puma concolor) to seasonal migration of guanacos (Lama guanicoe) in La Payunia Reserve in northern Patagonia Argentina, which is the site of the longest known ungulate migration in South America. More than 15,000 guanacos migrate seasonally in this landscape, and some guanacos also are resident year-round. We hypothesized that pumas would respond to the guanaco migration by consuming more alternative prey rather than migrating with guanacos because of the territoriality of pumas and availability of alternative prey throughout the year at this site. To determine whether pumas moved seasonally with the guanacos, we conducted camera trapping in the summer and winter range of guanacos across both seasons and estimated density of pumas with spatial mark–resight (SMR) models. Also, we analyzed puma scats to assess changes in prey consumption in response to guanaco migration. Density estimates of pumas did not change significantly in the winter and summer range of guanacos when guanacos migrated to and from these areas, indicating that pumas do not follow the migration of guanacos. Pumas also did not consume more alternative native prey or livestock when guanaco availability was lower, but rather fed primarily on guanacos and some alternative prey during all seasons. Alternative prey were most common in the diet during summer when guanacos also were abundant on the summer range. The response of pumas to the migration of guanacos differs from sites in the western North America where entire prey populations migrate and pumas migrate with their prey or switch to more abundant prey when their primary prey migrates.

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“…The guanaco, as a generalist herbivore of intermediate selection, is capable of consuming most available species of plants, from grasses to ligneous species, but mainly bushes. 14,36,43,44 Indirect evidence suggests that prairies are the preferred habitat for guanacos in Tierra del Fuego, but that they use forest patches due to displacement by sheep. 3 In a continental site where the guanacos were sedentary, it was shown that the ewes excluded guanacos from the prairies through resource competition.…”

Section: Eaba Easjmentioning

confidence: 99%

Guanacos’ and domestic livestock’s summer diets comparison in ecotone of “Tierra del Fuego” (Argentina)

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et al. 2018

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At present, it is believed that the population of guanacos has increased in the "Isla Grande de Tierra del Fuego", arising a conflict with livestock and forestry activities. The aim of this study was to evaluate the use of the guanaco's food resources, taking into account the presence of different types of domestic livestock, in order to provide a tool which will enable the evaluation of environmental management projects. We conducted the study in different areas, considering the presence/absence of domestic livestock and of guanaco. The diet was analyzed by identifying botanical remains present in the pretreated feces. The relative frequencies of ingested taxa were obtained and analyzed according to their functional groups, being the soft, herbaceous and graminoid grasses the most consumed, where the soft grasses were the most frequently ingested. Tree species only appear in diets of guanacos, in a low frequency, compared to other forms of life. In the case of soft grasses, forbs and Graminoides, the diets differ according to ingested species and intake frequency. These results allow us to establish that the guanaco selects the items to be consumed, changing its diet based on the presence of other herbivores, and has a trophic overlap with domestic livestock, mainly with sheep.

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Effects of livestock on guanacoLama guanicoedensity, movements and habitat selection in a forest–grassland mosaic in Tierra del Fuego, Chile

Cited by 27 publications

References 47 publications

Prevalence and Mechanisms of Partial Migration in Ungulates

Prevalence and Mechanisms of Partial Migration in Ungulates

Response of pumas (Puma concolor) to migration of their primary prey in Patagonia

Guanacos’ and domestic livestock’s summer diets comparison in ecotone of “Tierra del Fuego” (Argentina)

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