Effects of litter, soil surface conditions, and microhabitat on Cercocarpus ledifolius Nutt. Seedling emergence and establishment

Ibáñez, Inés; Schupp, Eugene W.

doi:10.1006/jare.2002.0988

Cited by 47 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…Physical factors include humidity and temperature, which are affected by the depth of the litter layer. Field and greenhouse results show an increase in seedling establishment with a moderate litter layer but reduced emergence with a thick litter layer (18,28). The litter layer acts as an interface between the soil surface and the atmosphere, providing the soil surface with a degree of protection from rain showed that litter addition improves the growth of dipterocarp seedlings in tropical rain forests (6).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Growth and Mycorrhizal Community Structure ofPinus sylvestrisSeedlings following the Addition of Forest Litter

Aučina

Rudawska

Leski

et al. 2007

Appl Environ Microbiol

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We report the effects of pine and oak litter on species composition and diversity of mycorrhizal fungi colonizing 2-year-old Pinus sylvestris L. seedlings grown in a bare-root nursery in Lithuania. A layer of pine or oak litter was placed on the surface of the nursery bed soil to mimic natural litter cover. Oak litter amendment appeared to be most favorable for seedling survival, with a 73% survival rate, in contrast to the untreated mineral bed soil (44%). The concentrations of total N, P, K, Ca, and Mg were higher in oak growth medium than in pine growth medium. Relative to the control (pH 6.1), the pH was lower in pine growth medium (5.8) and higher in oak growth medium (6.3). There were also twofold and threefold increases in the C content of growth medium with the addition of pine and oak litter, respectively. Among seven mycorrhizal morphotypes, eight different mycorrhizal taxa were identified: Suillus luteus, Suillus variegatus, Wilcoxina mikolae, a Tuber sp., a Tomentella sp., Cenococcum geophilum, Amphinema byssoides, and one unidentified ectomycorrhizal symbiont. Forest litter addition affected the relative abundance of mycorrhizal symbionts more than their overall representation. This was more pronounced for pine litter than for oak litter, with 40% and 25% increases in the abundance of suilloid mycorrhizae, respectively. Our findings provide preliminary evidence that changes in the supply of organic matter through litter manipulation may have far-reaching effects on the chemistry of soil, thus influencing the growth and survival of Scots pine seedlings and their mycorrhizal communities.In the boreal zone, Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) is widely planted for reforestation and afforestation of marginally economic agricultural land (25,26). For example, in Lithuania 76.4 million seedlings are planted each year; approximately 20% of these are Scots pine (36). An important factor in the performance of outplanted conifers is the association of plant roots with ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungi (7, 37). ECM fungi are essential for nutrient acquisition and plant protection against root pathogens and drought stress (51). Pinus species are dependent on symbiosis to develop optimally under natural conditions (40).ECM fungi naturally established in nurseries are diverse, and their establishment depends on several factors, including host species relationships, sylvicultural practices, and nursery conditions (11, 35). Early differences in ECM colonization of tree seedlings may affect their performance after outplanting to forest sites (30). The application of forest litter to nurserygrown seedlings can be useful in enhancing ECM colonization and the field performance of outplanted seedlings (8, 47).In forest nurseries, attempts have been made to use various germination media instead of mineral soils. The Dunemann system of nursery practice demonstrated that spruce needles are a good medium for raising conifer seedlings (24). A series of experiments following the Dunemann scheme showed that germination, growth, and sur...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Growth and Mycorrhizal Community Structure ofPinus sylvestrisSeedlings following the Addition of Forest Litter

Aučina

Rudawska

Leski

et al. 2007

Appl Environ Microbiol

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“…A thick layer of litter and humus may delay or abort seedling emergence by preventing the contact between seminal root and the mineral soil. Mechanical restrictions to hypocotyl elongation and emergence of cotyledons is also caused by the presence of litter and humus (Caccia and Ballaré 1998;Ibáñez and Schupp 2002). That is why, for natural Scots pine regeneration in Poland and in many other countries, a mechanical site preparation (MSP) is recommended.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of different methods of site preparation on natural regeneration of Pinus sylvestris in Eastern Poland

Aleksandrowicz-Trzcińska¹,

Drozdowski²,

Brzeziecki³

et al. 2013

Dendrobiology

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Mechanical site preparation (MSP) is commonly used to enable forest regeneration of clear-cuts. Less intense methods may be more suitable from an environmental point of view, but such a method can result in the lack of natural regeneration. We compare the influence of three MSP methods on natural regeneration of Scots pine. The methods differ in their degree of soil disturbance. The effects of MSP by forest plough (FP), active plough (AP), and forest cutter (FC) on density, quality, and biometric parameters of one-year old seedlings were determined. The highest density of seedlings was obtained in the FP treatment (188,000 seedlings ha ). The best quality seedlings were found in the FC variant, and the worst -in the FP treatment. Most biometric parameters of seedlings did not differ by MSP method, except for the root length and root:shoot ratio. By the end of growing season, in the FP treatment, 1-year old seedlings formed a top bud more than twice as often as the seedlings from the AP and FC treatments. The FP method led to the best Scots pine natural regeneration. The results obtained in the FC variant were not as good as in the FP method, though they were still acceptable from the silvicultural point of view. The FC method was the least intensive method of site preparation, yet it is considered the most appropriate from the environmental (soil protection) point of view.

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“…However, even allowing for variable responses between species, seasons and microsites (Facelli et al 1999), the benefit of water conservation often does not outweigh the deleterious effects of allelopathy, herbivory, pathogens or the physical barrier to seedling emergence represented by the litter layer, even in Mediterranean ecosystems (Hastwell and Facelli 2000;Cavieres and Peñaloza 2012;Gabay et al 2012). Also, litter's effect on recruitment may vary from one development stage to another; while it may deplete emergence, it can also enhance seedling survival (Ibáñez and Schupp 2002). In the case of vegetation cover, the effect of the predicted future drier conditions for the Mediterranean region on this balance require further exploration (Brooker 2006).…”

Section: Seedling Emergence and Survivalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inter‐annual variability of seed rain and seedling establishment of two woody Mediterranean species under field‐induced drought and warming

Cacho¹,

Estiarte²,

Peñuelas³

et al. 2013

Population Ecology

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We aimed to assess the impact of warmer and drier climate change conditions on the seed rain and seedling establishment of Globularia alypum L. and Erica multiflora L., two dominant species in Western coastal Mediterranean shrublands. We performed a non-intrusive field experiment in which we increased the night-time temperatures and excluded spring and autumn rainfall. We monitored the seed rain over 5 years and the seedling recruitment over 9 years on these experimental plots. Seed rain of E. multiflora was enhanced by warming treatment in relation to control, and higher annual rainfall, while seed rain of G. alypum was increased by drought treatment in relation to control, dry years and higher minimum annual temperature. Annual rainfall enhanced the seedling emergence of both species, which also positively correlated with annual mean temperatures. Drought treatment significantly decreased seedling emergence for both species, which was higher in open areas than below vegetation cover. The seedling survival of both species diminished at closer distances to competing neighbours, and in G. alypum seedling survival was higher with lower annual mean temperatures and higher annual rainfall, but also in drought treatment, which have experienced vegetation cover decline. The study confirms that the increasing aridity in Mediterranean ecosystems would constrain the early stages of development in typical co-occurring shrubs. However, there are contrasting responses to climatic conditions between species recruitment, which might favour changes in vegetation through modification of species relative abundance.

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Effects of litter, soil surface conditions, and microhabitat on Cercocarpus ledifolius Nutt. Seedling emergence and establishment

Cited by 47 publications

References 44 publications

Growth and Mycorrhizal Community Structure ofPinus sylvestrisSeedlings following the Addition of Forest Litter

Growth and Mycorrhizal Community Structure ofPinus sylvestrisSeedlings following the Addition of Forest Litter

Effects of different methods of site preparation on natural regeneration of Pinus sylvestris in Eastern Poland

Inter‐annual variability of seed rain and seedling establishment of two woody Mediterranean species under field‐induced drought and warming

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