Effects of Lipids and Lipoproteins on Mesenchymal Stem Cells Used in Cardiac Tissue Regeneration

Abstract

<jats:p>Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have two characteristics of interest for this paper: the ability to self-renew, and the potential for multiple-lineage differentiation into various cells. MSCs have been used in cardiac tissue regeneration for over a decade. Adult cardiac tissue regeneration ability is quite low; it cannot repair itself after injury, as the heart cells are replaced by fibroblasts and lose function. It is therefore important to search for a feasible way to repair and restore heart function through stem cell therapy. Stem cells can differentiate and provide a source of progenitor cells for cardiomyocytes, endothelial cells, and supporting cells. Studies have shown that the concentrations of blood lipids and lipoproteins affect cardiovascular diseases, such as atherosclerosis, hypertension, and obesity. Furthermore, the MSC lipid profiles, such as the triglyceride and cholesterol content, have been revealed by lipidomics, as well as their correlation with MSC differentiation. Abnormal blood lipids can cause serious damage to internal organs, especially heart tissue. In the past decade, the accumulated literature has indicated that lipids/lipoproteins affect stem cell behavior and biological functions, including their multiple lineage capability, and in turn affect the outcome of regenerative medicine. This review will focus on the effect of lipids/lipoproteins on MSC cardiac regenerative medicine, as well as the effect of lipid-lowering drugs in promoting cardiomyogenesis-associated MSC differentiation.</jats:p>

An Intermediate Concentration of Calcium with Antioxidant Supplement in Culture Medium Enhances Proliferation and Decreases the Aging of Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells

“…Osteogenesis was assessed at weekly intervals. The osteogenic medium consisted of IMDM supplemented with 0.01 μM dexamethasone (Sigma-Aldrich, St Louis, MO, USA), 50μM glycerol phosphate (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA), and 0.2 mM ascorbic-2-phosphate (As2P; Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA) [ 20 , 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 , 45 , 46 , 47 , 48 , 49 , 50 , 51 , 52 , 53 , 54 , 55 , 56 ]. The osteogenic differentiation of HBMSs was detected by Alizarin red staining.…”

Potential of Extracellular Vesicle-Associated TSG-6 from Adipose Mesenchymal Stromal Cells in Traumatic Brain Injury

“…To conclude, although there are major challenges in regard to immune and hemocompatibility, potential safety, dosing, fitness, potency assays, and development of biomarkers predictive of response remain in the clinical use of MSC [136,137], MSC are the subject of numerous ongoing advanced trials in a wide array of human diseases. Simultaneously, researchers continue to contribute to novel advances in MSC-based cell regulation and tissue regeneration [138][139][140]. From that perspective, TBI is defined as any traumatically induced structural damage or physiological brain function disruption as a result of an external force.…”

Therapeutic Potential for Regulation of the Nuclear Factor Kappa-B Transcription Factor p65 to Prevent Cellular Senescence and Activation of Pro-Inflammatory in Mesenchymal Stem Cells

“…Besides, the modification of miRNAs or proteins contained in EV can be used as antiaging therapy [ 12 , 13 , 14 ]. For example, sEV can ameliorate the mTOR pathway involved in the aging of MSCs [ 12 ] and have an important therapy in neurogenerative [ 15 ] and cardiovascular diseases [ 16 ].…”