Effects of lipid sources, lysophospholipids and organic acids in maize-based broiler diets on nutrient balance, liver concentration of fat-soluble vitamins, jejunal microbiota and performance

Abstract

Three experiments with a 2 × 2 × 2 factorial arrangement were conducted to evaluate maize-based diets for broilers containing different lipid sources [soybean oil (S) or beef tallow (T)] supplemented with or without lysophospholipids and organic acids on nutrient balance (Experiment I, evaluation period of 10-14 d), on liver concentration of fat-soluble vitamins, on jejunal microbiota (Experiment II, sampling at d 14) and on performance (Experiment III, accumulated periods of 1-14, 1-21 and 1-42 d). A total of 1344 male chicks were used. In each experiment, the birds were allotted in a completely randomised design with 8 replications. The lysophospholipids were mainly composed of lysolecithins and the organic acids blend was constituted by lactic (40%), acetic (7%) and butyric acids (1%). An interaction between lipid sources and lysophospholipids was observed on faecal apparent digestibility of lipid (ADL), which improved with lysophospholipids addition in T diets. Broilers fed on S had higher ADL and faecal apparent digestibility of nitrogen-corrected gross energy (ADGE). It was not possible to demonstrate a significant treatment effect on the liver concentration of vitamins A and E, even with the differences in fatty acid profile between S and T. Enterobacteria values were below the detection threshold. Lysophospholipid supplementation reduced gram-positive cocci in T-fed birds. S diets promoted lower total anaerobe counts compared with T diets, independent of additives. S diets increased BW gain and feed:gain ratio in all evaluation periods. Lysophospholipids and organic acids improved feed:gain ratio at 1-21 d in T diets. Furthermore, main effects were observed for lysophospholipids and organic acids at 1-42 d, which increased BW gain and improved feed:gain ratio, respectively. No positive interactions between additives were found.

Effects of lysophospholipids on short-term production, nitrogen utilization, and rumen fermentation and bacterial population in lactating dairy cows

“…In addition, the dosage level of LPL was greater in the current study compared with the study by Rico et al (2017). In nonruminant animals, LPL were widely examined as feed additives, and production responses to LPL were quite consistent (growth rate and feed efficiency; Zhao et al, 2015;Polycarpo et al, 2016;. This indicates that the degree of ruminal bypass of LPL might be critical for positive and consistent production responses to LPL in dairy cows [Jenkins et al, 1989; escaping rumen degradation of part of phospholipids (source of LPL) was observed in this continuous culture study].…”

“…Because similar production effects of LPL were hypothesized (although mode of actions are different), MON was used as a positive control. Second, Polycarpo et al (2016) observed that feeding LPL decreased gram-positive bacteria in the jejunum of broilers in a certain dietary condition (a corn-based diet containing beef tallow), and monensin is known to selectively depress gram-positive bacteria in the rumen (Russell and Houlihan, 2003). Therefore, ruminal fermentation and bacterial population altered by MON were used as a reference in the current study.…”

“…Lysophospholipids as a feed additive have been examined mostly with nonruminant animals, where increased growth rates and feed efficiency have been observed by feeding LPL to chicken and pigs (Zhao et al, 2015Polycarpo et al, 2016;Zampiga et al, 2016). In lactating sows fed a diet with LPL (0.03% in dietary DM), increased milk fat, protein, and lactose concentrations were found .…”

Dietary lysophospholipids supplementation inhibited the activity of lipolytic bacteria in forage with high oil diet: an in vitro study

“…Lysophospholipids (LPL) are monoacyl-derivatives of phospholipids resulting from the action of phospholipase A1 or A2 [2] and can improve the digestion and absorption of lipids. The LPL has been used as a feed additives to improve the production performance of nonruminant animals and has consistently shown an increase in feed efficiency and nutrient utilization [3][4][5][6].…”

The addition of lysolecithin to broiler diets improves growth performance across fat levels and sources: a meta-analysis of 33 trials

“…Lysophospholipids are known to alter phospholipid bi-layers of intestinal cells, inducing local curvature of bilayers (Wendel 1995;Mandalari et al 2009) and alterations in protein channel formation, hence increasing ion exchanges (Lundbaek and Andersen 1994;Maingret et al 2000), and thus increasing the fluidity and permeability of the membrane. There are documented effects of lysolecithin supplementation on gut microbiota, integrity and gene expression: Polycarpo et al (2016) found reduced levels of gram-positive cocci in the jejunum, which has been explained as a combination of direct disruption of the bacterial cell membrane (Arouri and Mouritsen 2013) and reduced fat available for bacterial growth in the lumen. Brautigan et al (2017) saw increased expression of collagencoding genes, along with increased villi collagen crosslinkages and height.…”