Effects of Lime and Concrete Waste on Vadose Zone Carbon Cycling

Thaysen, Eike Marie; Jessen, Søren; Postma, Dieke; Jakobsen, Rasmus; Jacques, Diederik; Laloy, Eric; Jakobsen, Iver

doi:10.2136/vzj2014.07.0083

Cited by 13 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 83 publications

(106 reference statements)

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“…More recent HP1 applications include evaluations of (i) laboratory and field experiments involving the treatment of Hg‐contaminated soils with activated C (Bessinger and Marks, 2010; Leterme et al, 2014), (ii) CO 2 production and transport in bare and planted mesocosms (Thaysen et al, 2014a), (iii) the effects of lime and concrete waste on vadose zone C cycling (Thaysen et al, 2014b), (iv) chemical degradation of concrete during leaching with rain and different types of water (Jacques et al, 2010), and (v) the effects of chemical degradation on the hydraulic properties of concrete such as porosity, tortuosity, and the hydraulic conductivity (Jacques et al, 2013). Jacques et al (2012) additionally combined HP1 with the general optimization UCODE program (Poeter et al, 2005) to inversely optimize hydraulic, solute transport, and cation exchange parameters pertaining to column experiments subject to transient water flow and solute transport with cation exchange.…”

Section: Selected Hydrus Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, Spurlock et al (2013a,b) used the fumigant module to evaluate soil fumigant transport and volatilization to the atmosphere for different types of fumigant applications. The HP1 module was used further in a study by Thaysen et al (2014b) to evaluate the effects of lime and concrete waste on carbon cycling in the vadose zone. Skaggs et al (2014) used the UnsatChem module in a global sensitivity analysis to simulate crop production with degraded waters, whereas Lassabatere et al (2014) used the dual‐permeability flow module to evaluate a new analytical model for calculating cumulative infiltration into dual‐permeability soils.…”

Section: Selected Hydrus Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Other Hydrus Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Recent Developments and Applications of the HYDRUS Computer Software Packages

Šimůnek

Genuchten

Šejna³

2016

Vadose Zone Journal

722

336

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The HYDRUS-1D and HYDRUS (2D/3D) computer software packages are widely used finite-element models for simulating the one-and two-or three-dimensional movement of water, heat, and multiple solutes in variably saturated media, respectively. In 2008, Šimůnek et al. (2008b) described the entire history of the development of the various HYDRUS programs and related models and tools such as STANMOD, RETC, ROSETTA, UNSODA, UNSATCHEM, HP1, and others. The objective of this manuscript is to review selected capabilities of HYDRUS that have been implemented since 2008. Our review is not limited to listing additional processes that were implemented in the standard computational modules, but also describes many new standard and nonstandard specialized add-on modules that significantly expanded the capabilities of the two software packages. We also review additional capabilities that have been incorporated into the graphical user interface (GUI) that supports the use of HYDRUS (2D/3D). Another objective of this manuscript is to review selected applications of the HYDRUS models such as evaluation of various irrigation schemes, evaluation of the effects of plant water uptake on groundwater recharge, assessing the transport of particle-like substances in the subsurface, and using the models in conjunction with various geophysical methods.Abbreviations: CRS, cosmic-ray sensing; EC, electrical conductivity; ERT, electrical resistivity tomography; FEM, finite element mesh; GPR, ground-penetrating radar; GUI, graphical user interface; TDT, time-domain transmissometry.The HYDRUS-1D and HYDRUS (2D/3D) software packages (Šimůnek et al., 2008b) are finite-element models for simulating the one-and two-or three-dimensional movement of water, heat, and multiple solutes in variably saturated media, respectively. The standard versions, as well as various specialized add-on modules, of the HYDRUS programs numerically solve the Richards equation for saturated-unsaturated water flow and convection-dispersion type equations for heat and solute transport. The flow equation incorporates a sink term to account for water uptake by plant roots as a function of water and salinity stress. Both compensated and uncompensated water uptake by roots can be considered. The heat transport equation considers movement by both conduction and convection with flowing water. The governing convection-dispersion solute transport equations are written in a relatively general form by including provisions for nonlinear, nonequilibrium reactions between the solid and liquid phases and linear equilibrium reactions between the liquid and gaseous phases. The transport models also account for convection and dispersion in the liquid phase as well as diffusion in the gas phase, thus permitting the models to simulate solute transport simultaneously in both the liquid and gaseous phases. Hence, both adsorbed and volatile solutes, such as pesticides and fumigants, can be considered.The solute transport equations further incorporate the effects of zero-order production, first-o...

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Section: Selected Hydrus Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Selected Hydrus Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Recent Developments and Applications of the HYDRUS Computer Software Packages

Šimůnek

Genuchten

Šejna³

2016

Vadose Zone Journal

722

336

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The network was applied to the treatment of mercury-contaminated soils with activated carbon [71]. CO 2 production and transport in bare and planted mesocosms [72], and the effects of lime and concrete waste on vadose zone carbon cycling [73] furthermore illustrate applications to the problem of CO 2 sequestration in soils. Recent applications are also in the field of colloid and colloid-affected transport, including competitive kinetic sorption on colloids [74] and accounting for the effects of water content and ionic strength on attachment at the air-water and soil-water interfaces, respectively [75].…”

Section: Solute Transport Applications Of the Hp1 Modulementioning

confidence: 99%

Simulating the Fate and Transport of Coal Seam Gas Chemicals in Variably-Saturated Soils Using HYDRUS

Mallants

Šimůnek

Genuchten

et al. 2017

Water

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Abstract:The HYDRUS-1D and HYDRUS (2D/3D) computer software packages are widely used finite element models for simulating the one-, and two-or three-dimensional movement of water, heat, and multiple solutes in variably-saturated media, respectively. While the standard HYDRUS models consider only the fate and transport of individual solutes or solutes subject to first-order degradation reactions, several specialized HYDRUS add-on modules can simulate far more complex biogeochemical processes. The objective of this paper is to provide a brief overview of the HYDRUS models and their add-on modules, and to demonstrate possible applications of the software to the subsurface fate and transport of chemicals involved in coal seam gas extraction and water management operations. One application uses the standard HYDRUS model to evaluate the natural soil attenuation potential of hydraulic fracturing chemicals and their transformation products in case of an accidental release. By coupling the processes of retardation, first-order degradation and convective-dispersive transport of the biocide bronopol and its degradation products, we demonstrated how natural attenuation reduces initial concentrations by more than a factor of hundred in the top 5 cm of the soil. A second application uses the UnsatChem module to explore the possible use of coal seam gas produced water for sustainable irrigation. Simulations with different irrigation waters (untreated, amended with surface water, and reverse osmosis treated) provided detailed results regarding chemical indicators of soil and plant health, notably SAR, EC and sodium concentrations. A third application uses the HP1 module to analyze trace metal transport involving cation exchange and surface complexation sorption reactions in a soil leached with coal seam gas produced water following some accidental water release scenario. Results show that the main process responsible for trace metal migration in soil is complexation of naturally present trace metals with inorganic ligands such as (bi)carbonate that enter the soil upon infiltration with alkaline produced water. The examples were selected to show how users can tailor the required model complexity to specific needs, such as for rapid screening or risk assessments of various chemicals nder generic soil conditions, or for more detailed site-specific analyses of actual subsurface pollution problems.

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“…The modified SOILCO 2 model made use of several simplifications of reality, one of them being the linkage of the y s to the RMI without inclusion of a bulk soil y s . However, due to the dense root growth in the A horizon (see Thaysen et al, 2014b, Fig. 1 and Sect.…”

Section: Co 2 Emission Partitioning and Controls On Co 2 Fluxes In Thmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inorganic carbon fluxes across the vadose zone of planted and unplanted soil mesocosms

et al. 2014

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Abstract. The efflux of carbon dioxide (CO2) from soils influences atmospheric CO2 concentrations and thereby climate change. The partitioning of inorganic carbon (C) fluxes in the vadose zone between emission to the atmosphere and to the groundwater was investigated to reveal controlling underlying mechanisms. Carbon dioxide partial pressure in the soil gas (pCO2), alkalinity, soil moisture and temperature were measured over depth and time in unplanted and planted (barley) mesocosms. The dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) percolation flux was calculated from the pCO2, alkalinity and the water flux at the mesocosm bottom. Carbon dioxide exchange between the soil surface and the atmosphere was measured at regular intervals. The soil diffusivity was determined from soil radon-222 (222Rn) emanation rates and soil air Rn concentration profiles and was used in conjunction with measured pCO2 gradients to calculate the soil CO2 production. Carbon dioxide fluxes were modeled using the HP1 module of the Hydrus 1-D software. The average CO2 effluxes to the atmosphere from unplanted and planted mesocosm ecosystems during 78 days of experiment were 0.1 ± 0.07 and 4.9 ± 0.07 μmol C m−2 s−1, respectively, and grossly exceeded the corresponding DIC percolation fluxes of 0.01 ± 0.004 and 0.06 ± 0.03 μmol C m−2 s−1. Plant biomass was high in the mesocosms as compared to a standard field situation. Post-harvest soil respiration (Rs) was only 10% of the Rs during plant growth, while the post-harvest DIC percolation flux was more than one-third of the flux during growth. The Rs was controlled by production and diffusivity of CO2 in the soil. The DIC percolation flux was largely controlled by the pCO2 and the drainage flux due to low solution pH. Modeling suggested that increasing soil alkalinity during plant growth was due to nutrient buffering during root nitrate uptake.

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Effects of Lime and Concrete Waste on Vadose Zone Carbon Cycling

Cited by 13 publications

References 83 publications

Recent Developments and Applications of the HYDRUS Computer Software Packages

Recent Developments and Applications of the HYDRUS Computer Software Packages

Simulating the Fate and Transport of Coal Seam Gas Chemicals in Variably-Saturated Soils Using HYDRUS

Inorganic carbon fluxes across the vadose zone of planted and unplanted soil mesocosms

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