Effects of light intensity, stocking density, feeding frequency and salinity on the growth of sub-adult seahorses Hippocampus erectus Perry, 1810

Lin, Qiang; Zhang, Dong; Lin, Junda

doi:10.1016/j.aquaculture.2009.03.028

Cited by 44 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Although progress in techniques of rearing seahorses has been made, variation in juvenile survival is still high. The variation in juvenile survival may result from intrinsic juvenile quality (Zhang et al ) and extrinsic factors (Payne and Rippingale ; Wong and Benzie ; Woods , ; Lin et al ; Zhang et al ; Martinez‐Cardenas and Purser ; Pham and Lin ). The quality/fatty acid composition of the food has been recognized as one of the major obstacles for seahorse mass culture success.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comparison of Growth, Survival, and Fatty Acid Composition of the Lined Seahorse, Hippocampus erectus, Juveniles Fed Enriched Artemia and a Calanoid Copepod, Schmackeria dubia

Zhang

Lin

Liu

2015

J World Aquaculture Soc

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The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of varying dietary levels of highly unsaturated fatty acids (HUFAs) in live prey (Artemia nauplii and a calanoid copepod, Schmackeria dubia) on the growth performance, survival, and fatty acid composition of the lined seahorse, Hippocampus erectus, juveniles. Artemia nauplii were enriched with a commercial product (SS ™ 50DE-microcapsule as HUFA source, 2/3 DHA, 1/3 EPA. Shengsuo Fishery Feed Research Center of Shandong Province, Qingdao, China) at four concentrations of 0.0, 14.0, 28.0, and 56.0. Newly hatched juveniles were cultured for 35 days. The content of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), and n-3 HUFAs in the Artemia nauplii was positively related to the enrichment concentration. At the end of the trials, growth performance of the juveniles was positively related to the enrichment concentration as well. However, the juveniles fed prey enriched with the highest concentration of enrichment (56.0 L/L) had the significantly lower (P < 0.05) survival rate. The juveniles fed the copepod had the best growth performance and the highest survival rate, suggesting that the copepod, S. dubia, is suitable for feeding the seahorse juveniles. The comparisons between the growth, survival, and fatty acid profiles of the juveniles fed Artemia and copepods indicate that the seahorse juveniles require dietary levels of DHA beyond those achieved by enriching prey with the HUFA enrichment. Surplus EPA resulted from an imbalance between DHA and EPA in the enriched Artemia nauplii probably caused an adverse effect on the seahorse juveniles. This study suggests that DHA and EPA requirement of the lined seahorse juveniles is roughly 32% of total fatty acid, and the optimal DHA/EPA ratio for the species is circa 4:1. To avoid an adverse effect resulting from excessive EPA, maximum proportion of EPA in enriched Artemia nauplii should not exceed 13% of total fatty acid, and a recommended minimum DHA/EPA ratio in the enriched Artemia nauplii is 1.46. Arachidonic acid (20:4n-6) might not be an essential fatty acid for the seahorse juveniles.

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confidence: 99%

A Comparison of Growth, Survival, and Fatty Acid Composition of the Lined Seahorse, Hippocampus erectus, Juveniles Fed Enriched Artemia and a Calanoid Copepod, Schmackeria dubia

Zhang

Lin

Liu

2015

J World Aquaculture Soc

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“…Some syngnathid studies that have found a benefit of culturing juveniles at specific salinities have provided limited information regarding salinity acclimation prior to trials (Yildirim and Karacuha 2008) or the acclimation protocols seem unclear. Lin et al (2009) acclimated Hippocampus erectus from 35 g/L to 33, 31, 29, and 27 g/L in a 4-d period, which is longer than the protocol used in this study. However, the experimental design could have a confusing effect between the asymmetrical acclimation protocol and the effect of the salinity regimes in which seahorses were cultured.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Salinity on Growth and Survival in Juvenile Opossum Pipefish,Microphis brachyurus, in Culture Conditions

Martínez‐Cárdenas

Valdez-Hernández

González‐Díaz

et al. 2014

J World Aquaculture Soc

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Natural populations of the opossum pipefish, Microphis brachyurus, are affected in Mexico by anthropogenic alteration of their habitat and unregulated fishing as this species is traded as an aquarium fish without formal records as occurs with other syngnathids around the world. M. brachyurus is an estuarine fish adapted to salinity fluctuations. The aim of this study was to examine the effect on growth, condition, and survival of juvenile pipefish cultured for 4 wk at salinities of 0, 8, and 16 g/L. Pipefish were fed enriched Artemia nauplii maintaining a ration rate of 14% body weight per day (dry weight Artemia: wet weight fish). Pipefish cultured at 16 g/L showed lower survival (40%) than those at 0 and 8 g/L (100 and 96%, respectively), while juveniles cultured in 8 and 16 g/L were heavier (0.393 and 0.388 g, respectively), longer (9.9 cm), and grew faster (1.4) than those in 0 g/L (0.294 g, 9.1 cm, and 0.44, respectively). This study is the first to report that a salinity of 16 g/L compromises M. brachyurus culture potential and a salinity of 0 g/L caused poor growth while the optimal salinity for the species appears to be around 8 g/L.

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“…With the overexploitation of wild seahorse populations, aquaculture of seahorses has been recognized as a long‐term and effective solution to balance the conservation of wild and the market demand. Seahorse aquaculture has been rapidly expanded to relieve its worldwide market demand since 2000 (Job, Do, Meeuwig, & Hall, ; Koldewey et al, ; Lin, Zhang, & Lin, ; Qin, Lin, Gu, Lin, & Huang, ; Qin, Zhang, Huang, & Lin, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although aquaculture of seahorse is an effective solution to balance the conservation of wild seahorses and the market demand, it is kind of industry with a few challenges, such as juvenile survivorship, low reproductive rate and serious disease. Among these challenges, disease is a great threat to the seahorse culture (Arca‐Ruibal & Sainsbury, ; Lin et al, ). Common diseases of seahorses in aquaculture include skin ulcer, gastrointestinal inflammation and bulging swim bladder, resulting in huge economic losses (Alcaide et al, ; Li et al, ; Martins et al, ; Raj, Lipton, & Chauhan, ; Tendencia, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification and characterization of the pathogen associated with skin ulcer syndrome in lined seahorse, Hippocampus erectus

et al. 2019

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The lined seahorse, Hippocampus erectus, is an Atlantic species, which mainly inhabits shallow sea beds or coral reefs. Seahorse has become very popular in China due to its wide use in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). However, the aquaculture of the lined seahorse has been threatened by a variety of diseases, especially bacterial infections. Skin ulcer syndrome becomes more and more common in the culture of seahorses, leading to skin ulcer, liver erosion and minority tail rotting. These diseased seahorses die in only 72 hr, causing huge economic losses in aquaculture. Pathogen HMT‐1 was isolated from the lined seahorses with skin ulcer syndrome, which was identified as Vibrio harveyi. The median lethal dose (LD50) of HMT‐1 was 2.88 × 108 cfu/ml. The pathogenic mechanism of HMT‐1 was preliminarily studied, and the pathological changes of the diseased lined seahorses were also investigated. Moreover, the activities of ACP, complement 3, SOD and LZM at different time post injection were measured by commercial kits. Our findings can provide reliable reference for diagnosis and treatment in the future.

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Effects of light intensity, stocking density, feeding frequency and salinity on the growth of sub-adult seahorses Hippocampus erectus Perry, 1810

Cited by 44 publications

References 33 publications

A Comparison of Growth, Survival, and Fatty Acid Composition of the Lined Seahorse, Hippocampus erectus, Juveniles Fed Enriched Artemia and a Calanoid Copepod, Schmackeria dubia

A Comparison of Growth, Survival, and Fatty Acid Composition of the Lined Seahorse, Hippocampus erectus, Juveniles Fed Enriched Artemia and a Calanoid Copepod, Schmackeria dubia

Effect of Salinity on Growth and Survival in Juvenile Opossum Pipefish,Microphis brachyurus, in Culture Conditions

Identification and characterization of the pathogen associated with skin ulcer syndrome in lined seahorse, Hippocampus erectus

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