Effects of light intensity and temperature on growth and ingestion rates of the mixotrophic dinoflagellate Alexandrium pohangense

Lim, An Suk; Jeong, Hae Jin; Ok, Jin Hee; You, Ji Hyun; Kang, Hee Chang; Kim, Dohwan

doi:10.1007/s00227-019-3546-9

Cited by 23 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…To ensure similar water conditions, each culture of the predator was filtered through a 0.2‐μm disposable membrane filter (ADVANTEC; Toyo Rhoshi Kaisha, Ltd, Tokyo, Japan), and then added to the prey control flasks at the same water volume as the volume of the predator culture added to the experiment and predator control flasks (Lim et al. ). The cultures of prey were also filtered in the same manner, and then added to the predator control flasks.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Triplicates of 38-mL experimental flasks (mixtures of T. helix and A. minutum), triplicates of prey control flasks (A. minutum only), and triplicates of predator control flasks (T. helix only) were set up at each photon flux density. To ensure similar water conditions, each culture of the predator was filtered through a 0.2-lm disposable membrane filter (ADVANTEC; Toyo Rhoshi Kaisha, Ltd, Tokyo, Japan), and then added to the prey control flasks at the same water volume as the volume of the predator culture added to the experiment and predator control flasks (Lim et al 2019). The cultures of prey were also filtered in the same manner, and then added to the predator control flasks.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of light and temperature on the growth of Takayama helix (Dinophyceae): mixotrophy as a survival strategy against photoinhibition

Jeong

Lim

et al. 2019

Journal of Phycology

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Takayama helix is a mixotrophic dinoflagellate that can feed on diverse algal prey. We explored the effects of light intensity and water temperature, two important physical factors, on its autotrophic and mixotrophic growth rates when fed on Alexandrium minutum CCMP1888. Both the autotrophic and mixotrophic growth rates and ingestion rates of T. helix on A. minutum were significantly affected by photon flux density. Positive growth rates of T. helix at 6–58 μmol photons · m−2 · s−1 were observed in both the autotrophic (maximum rate = 0.2 · d−1) and mixotrophic modes (0.4 · d−1). Of course, it did not grow both autotrophically and mixotrophically in complete darkness. At ≥247 μmol photons · m−2 · s−1, the autotrophic growth rates were negative (i.e., photoinhibition), but mixotrophy turned these negative rates to positive. Both autotrophic and mixotrophic growth and ingestion rates were significantly affected by water temperature. Under both autotrophic and mixotrophic conditions, it grew at 15–28°C, but not at ≤10 or 30°C. Therefore, both light intensity and temperature are critical factors affecting the survival and growth of T. helix.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of light and temperature on the growth of Takayama helix (Dinophyceae): mixotrophy as a survival strategy against photoinhibition

Jeong

Lim

et al. 2019

Journal of Phycology

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“…Global warming is expected to elevate water temperatures of Korean waters in summer Park 2018, Seo et al 2020). Gymnodinium smaydae cells can grow at 32°C, while many other dinoflagellates have been reported to die at this temperature (Hand et al 1965, Kamykowski and McCollum 1986, Morton et al 1992, Nitschke et al 2015, Jang et al 2018, Lim et al 2019b, You et al 2020. Therefore, G. smaydae may have an advantage over other dinoflagellates during hot summers.…”

Section: Stmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial-temporal distributions of the newly described mixotrophic dinoflagellate Gymnodinium smaydae in Korean coastal waters

Lee¹,

Jeong²,

Ok³

et al. 2020

ALGAE

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Gymnodinium smaydae is a newly described mixotrophic dinoflagellate that feeds on only Heterocapsa spp. and Scrippsiella acuminata among 19 tested algal prey. It is one of the fastest growing dinoflagellates when feeding, but does not grow well without prey. To investigate its spatial-temporal distributions in Korean waters, we quantified its abundance in water samples that were seasonally collected from 28 stations along the Korean Peninsula from April 2015 to October 2018, using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reactions. This dinoflagellate had a wide distribution, as reflected by the detection of G. smaydae cells at 23 of the sampling stations. However, this distribution had a strong seasonality; it was detected at 21 stations in the summer and only one station in winter. The abundance of G. smaydae was significantly and positively correlated with chlorophyll a concentration as well as with water temperature. However, there were no significant correlations between the abundance of G. smaydae and salinity, concentrations of nutrients, or dissolved oxygen concentration. During the study period, G. smaydae was present when water temperatures were 7.6-28.0°C, salinities were 9.6-34.1, concentrations of NO 3 were not detectable-106.0 μM, and concentrations of PO 4 were not detectable-3.4 μM. The highest abundance of G. smaydae was 18.5 cells mL-1 in the coastal waters of Jinhae in July 2017 when the chlorophyll a concentration was 127 mg m-3 and water temperature was 23.8°C. Therefore, the spatialtemporal distribution of G. smaydae in Korean coastal waters may be affected by chlorophyll a concentration and water temperature.

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“…Therefore, the gross growth efficiency of Y. yeosuensis at 10-25°C is likely to increase. No major differences in the ingestion rates of mixotrophic dinoflagellates were found in A. pohangense, Gymnodinium smaydae, and Takayama helix, though there was a continuous increase in their mixotrophic growth rates (Lim et al 2019, You et al 2020b. The activity of enzymes related to the conversion of ingested prey carbon to predator body carbon is likely to increase with increasing temperatures in a range supporting positive growth.…”

mentioning

confidence: 91%

Effects of temperature on the growth and ingestion rates of the newly described mixotrophic dinoflagellate Yihiella yeosuensis and its two optimal prey species

Kang¹,

Jeong²,

Lim³

et al. 2020

ALGAE

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Water temperature is known to affect the growth and feeding of marine dinoflagellates. Each dinoflagellate species grows well at a certain optimal temperature but dies at very cold and hot temperatures. Thus, changes in water temperatures driven by global warming and extremely high or low temperatures can affect the distribution of dinoflagellates. Yihiella yeosuensis is a mixotrophic dinoflagellate that can feed on only the cryptophyte Teleaulax amphioxeia and the chlorophyte Pyramimonas sp. Furthermore, it grows fast mixotrophically but rarely grows photosynthetically. We explored the direct and indirect effects of water temperature on the growth and ingestion rates of Y. yeosuensis feeding on T. amphioxeia and the growth rates of T. amphioxeia and Pyramimonas sp. under 7 different water temperatures (5-35°C). Both the autotrophic and mixotrophic growth rates of Y. yeosuensis on T. amphioxeia were significantly affected by temperature. Under the mixotrophic and autotrophic conditions, Y. yeosuensis survived at 10-25°C, but died at 5°C and ≥30°C. The maximum mixotrophic growth rate of Y. yeosuensis on T. amphioxeia (1.16 d-1) was achieved at 25°C, whereas the maximum autotrophic growth rate (0.16 d-1) was achieved at 15°C. The maximum ingestion rate of Y. yeosuensis on T. amphioxeia (0.24 ng C predator-1 d-1) was achieved at 25°C. The cells of T. amphioxeia survived at 10-25°C, but died at 5 and ≥30°C. The cells of Pyramimonas sp. survived at 5-25°C, but died at 30°C. The maximum growth rate of T. amphioxeia (0.72 d-1) and Pyramimonas sp. (0.75 d-1) was achieved at 25°C. The abundance of Y. yeosuensis is expected to be high at 25°C, at which its two prey species have their highest growth rates, whereas Y. yeosuensis is expected to be rare or absent at 5°C or ≥30°C at which its two prey species do not survive or grow. Therefore, temperature can directly or indirectly affect the population dynamics and distribution of Y. yeosuensis.

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Effects of light intensity and temperature on growth and ingestion rates of the mixotrophic dinoflagellate Alexandrium pohangense

Cited by 23 publications

References 61 publications

Effects of light and temperature on the growth of Takayama helix (Dinophyceae): mixotrophy as a survival strategy against photoinhibition

Effects of light and temperature on the growth of Takayama helix (Dinophyceae): mixotrophy as a survival strategy against photoinhibition

Spatial-temporal distributions of the newly described mixotrophic dinoflagellate Gymnodinium smaydae in Korean coastal waters

Effects of temperature on the growth and ingestion rates of the newly described mixotrophic dinoflagellate Yihiella yeosuensis and its two optimal prey species

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