Effects of light duty gasoline vehicle emission standards in the United States on ozone and particulate matter

Future year ozone source attribution modeling studies for the eastern and western United States

“…The California Air Resources Board (CARB) has approved the Low Emission Vehicle third-generation (LEV III) standards, and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) adopted similar requirements. The expected changes to air quality due to these mobile source requirements were modeled and described in a study by Collet et al (2014) and in another study by Vijayaraghavan et al (2012). Collet et al (2012) used the Comprehensive Air quality Model with extensions (CAMx) model (version 4.6) (Byun and Schere, 2006) to compare the air quality impacts in California's South Coast Air Basin (SoCAB) of emissions from passenger cars and light-duty trucks under the California Low Emission Vehicle II (LEV II) standards with those from a control scenario that was anticipated in 2008 to become LEV III.…”

“…Collet et al (2012) used the Comprehensive Air quality Model with extensions (CAMx) model (version 4.6) (Byun and Schere, 2006) to compare the air quality impacts in California's South Coast Air Basin (SoCAB) of emissions from passenger cars and light-duty trucks under the California Low Emission Vehicle II (LEV II) standards with those from a control scenario that was anticipated in 2008 to become LEV III. Separately, Vijayaraghavan et al (2012) compared the estimated effect of past, present, and potential future emission standards for light-duty gasoline vehicles on ozone and fine particulate matter (aerodynamic diameter <2.5 mm; PM 2.5 ) in the eastern and western United States (U.S.) using the CAMx model (ENVIRON, 2011). From these studies, it was apparent that the light-duty vehicle changes alone will not drive the U.S. to the current National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) attainment level.…”

Anthropogenic Sources of Nanoparticles

“…3.22). Particulate matter released by diesel engines are considered very harmful, as the particles are extremely small and can be inhaled very easily [82][83][84].…”

Evaluation of light-duty vehicle mobile source regulations on ozone concentration trends in 2018 and 2030 in the western and eastern United States

“…Specific expected changes to air quality due to the LEV III/Tier 3 mobile source requirements were described in a study by Collet et al (2012) and in another study by Vijayaraghavan et al (2012). Collet et al (2012) used the EPA's Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) model (version 4.6) (Byun and Schere, 2006) to compare the air quality impacts in California's South Coast Air Basin (SoCAB) of emissions from passenger cars and light-duty trucks under the current California Low Emission Vehicle (LEV II) standards with those from a control scenario that was anticipated in 2008 to become LEV III.…”

“…The anticipated LEV III control scenario modeled that levels of O 3 had a maximum decrease from LEV II levels by 1% or less in 2014 and 1.5% or less in 2020. Separately, Vijayaraghavan et al (2012) compared the estimated effect of past, present, and potential future emission standards for lightduty gasoline vehicles on O 3 and PM 2.5 in the western and eastern U.S. using the Comprehensive Air Quality Model with Extensions (CAMx) (ENVIRON, 2011). Their simulation results showed that up to 16 ppb reductions in O 3 accrued from the transition from the federal Tier 1 to Tier 2 Light Duty Vehicle (LDV) standards, whereas the implementation of additional LDV controls similar to LEV III in all 50 states would result in up to 0.3 ppb reductions in 8-hr O 3 .…”