Effects of Light and Darkness on Gaseous Exchange of Bean Leaves

Ozbun, J. L.; Volk, Richard J.; Jackson, W. A.

doi:10.1104/pp.39.4.523

Cited by 47 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Several workers (2,6) in agreement with our results, have found evidence that with alternating 10-min periods of light and darkness, the dark reading ordinarily led to a close approximation of the rate of respiration during the light exposures. Although the work of Ozbun et al (17) indicates that the rate of CO2 release decreases sharply upon illumination of bean leaves, their results are not comparable to ours. This is because, apart from using excised leaves, the rate of CO2 evolution was measured during a 3-hr period of darkness.…”

Section: Methodscontrasting

confidence: 56%

The Photosynthetic Action Spectrum of the Bean Plant

Balegh¹,

Biddulph²

1970

Plant Physiol.

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The photosynthetic action spectrum of the bean plant leaf, Phaseolus vulgaris L. (variety Red Kidney), has been determined with a diffraction grating illuminated by a 6500-watt xenon arc. An infrared CO2 analyzer was used to determine the gross photosynthetic rate of the terminal leaflet of the first trifoliate leaf. The rate was measured as a function of the light intensity at steps of 12.5 nanometers which approximates the length of the leaflet used. Twentyfive curves between 400 and 700 nanometers were used to establish the action spectrum. All light curves were some linear function of the incident intensity, and all were extrapolated to zero. The action spectrum shows the follow- Despite the large number of papers published on the action spectra of algae, we have not been able to find one complete reliable action spectrum of a higher plant that has been determined at many different narrow wave length bands. The recent work of Egneus (5) and Lundegardh (13) is of qualitative nature and covers only limited portions of the visible spectrum. Most of the early work was done by using filters that isolate a rather wide band of light. The work of Hoover (11) with such a system has been widely published and furnishes the basis for our present understanding of action spectra for higher plants. It is the purpose of this study to establish the photosynthetic action spectrum for the bean plant leaf, Phaseolus vulgaris L. (variety Red Kidney), with a diffraction grating spectrograph. nutrients, under the following environmental conditions: temperature 23 i 1 C; fluorescent light of spectral distribution shown in Figure 1, of an intensity of 1200 to 1750 ft-c on a 12-hr photoperiod, and a relative humidity of 60 + 5%. The age of the plants used varied between 18 and 21 days from the seed. Only the intact terminal leaflet of the first trifoliate leaf was used. MATERIALS AND METHODSPhotosynthesis was measured by means of an infrared CO2 analyzer (Beckman, L/B, 15 A) in a closed system. It consisted of a Plexiglass leaf chamber, a pump (Randolph Pump, model 500 with a Zero-Max gearhead Q1-Qw55-M52) and a flowmeter. Air was circulated at a constant flow rate of 1.1 liters/min. The air temperature of the chamber was controlled by controlling the ambient temperature. Apparent photosynthesis was determined from the average CO2 uptake during two consecutive 4-to 5-min light exposures at each intensity and wave length. Each CO2 uptake period was followed by an 8-to 10-min dark period, wherein CO2 evolution was measured. The system was flushed with a 500 Al/liter CO2 stream for 1 min between the two sequential determinations. Flushing with standard CO2 whenever the wave length or intensity was changed obviated the use of a drying agent in the closed system and assured against CO2 depletion.The rate of gross photosynthesis was calculated as the absolute sum of the apparent photosynthetic rate and light respiration. The latter was assumed to equal the average dark respiration before and after a light exposure. Two observations...

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Section: Methodscontrasting

confidence: 56%

The Photosynthetic Action Spectrum of the Bean Plant

Balegh¹,

Biddulph²

1970

Plant Physiol.

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“…Althlouigh Ozbuin et al (31,32) report that the rate of CO., evolution was reduiced by 300 ft-c of light their data ( photosynthesis. In addition evolved CO., maxy be reabso,rbed bv the leaf-both events would decrease thle mieastired CO2 evolution froml the leaf.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of the Rate of CO₂ Evolution by Green Leaves in Light

1969

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Abstract. The rate of CO,, evolution in light by green leaves was determined by 2 methods in a closed system of gas analysis and by measuring the amount of CO, evolved in-to a CO., free air stream in an open system. All methods gave similar results under comparable oonditions.A light stimulated CO., evolution from green leaves was found in all the plant species studied except corn where there was no apparent CO., evolution in the light.The magnitude of CO., evolution in light was markedly dependent on air flow rate and light intensity. At high light intensity and high flow rate, the rate of CO., evolution from green leaves was 1.4 to 1.7 times greater than that in darkness.In the pas.

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“…Light-dependent 02 uptake in higher plants has previously been studied in a variety of systems: isolated thylakoids (11), intact chloroplasts and cells (5,9,10,16,21), and in the intact leaf (3,6,12,22,24 80 ,um) and the filtrate was centrifuged at 350g for 3 min. The pelletted protoplasts were gently resuspended in 20 ml of the solution previously described but with 0.6 M sucrose substituted for sorbitol.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Light-dependent 02 uptake in higher plants has previously been studied in a variety of systems: isolated thylakoids (11), intact chloroplasts and cells (5,9,10,16,21), and in the intact leaf (3,6,12,22,24 Approximately 10 g of leaves were harvested for each preparation. The leaves were sliced into approximately 1-mm strips with a razor blade and digested at 30°C for 2 to 2.5 h, with illumination (1 50-w flood lamp), in 50 ml of 0.5 M sorbitol, 0.2 mM CaCI2, I mM MgC92, 0.2 mM KH2PO4, 10 mM Mes, 0.2% BSA, 2% cellulase (Onozuka S-3), and 0.2% pectinase (Macerozyme R-10) at pH 5.5 with HCI.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photoreduction of Oxygen in Mesophyll Chloroplasts of C₄ Plants

Furbank¹,

Badger²,

Osmond³

1983

Plant Physiol.

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Mesophyll chloroplasts of three C4 sub types, Panicum miliaccum (NAD-malic enzyme), Panicum maximum (PCK), and Zea mays (NADPmalic enzyme), were prepared from protoplast extracts and used to study the photoreduction of 02. The processes of 02 uptake and evolution in these preparations, which lack ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/ oxygenase, were studied simultaneously using stable isotopes of 02 and mass spectrometry. The responses of 02 uptake to 02 tension and addition of various substrates (3-phosphoglycerate, pyruvate, and oxaloacetate) were studied in detail. sumably dependent upon the utilization of NADPH relative to the ATP demand as has been proposed for some time (15). Few measurements have been made of chloroplast pyridine nucleotide levels (23) and manipulation of these levels in an intact system is difficult. Hence, there is little evidence of such a regulation in vivo. Although there is substantial physiological evidence for light and ATP-dependent ion transport associated with photoreduction of 02 ( 13), there is little direct evidence of the capacity of the Mehler reaction to generate ATP for photosynthetic carbon assimilation in vivo.In this study, 02 uptake and evolution in chloroplasts in mesophyll protoplast extracts from Zea mavs (NADP malic enzyme), Panicum maximum (PEP carboxykinase), and Panicum miliaceuim (NAD malic enzyme) are examined using 1802 and a mass spectrometer. The photoreduction of 02 in this system is characterized and its response to the addition ofvarious substrates is examined in order to study the regulation of the process and its ability to produce ATP. MATERIALS AND METHODSLight-dependent 02 uptake in higher plants has previously been studied in a variety of systems: isolated thylakoids (11), intact chloroplasts and cells (5,9,10,16,21), and in the intact leaf (3,6,12,22,24 Approximately 10 g of leaves were harvested for each preparation. The leaves were sliced into approximately 1-mm strips with a razor blade and digested at 30°C for 2 to 2.5 h, with illumination (1 50-w flood lamp), in 50 ml of 0.5 M sorbitol, 0.2 mM CaCI2, I mM MgC92, 0.2 mM KH2PO4, 10 mM Mes, 0.2% BSA, 2% cellulase (Onozuka S-3), and 0.2% pectinase (Macerozyme R-10) at pH 5.5 with HCI. Leafstrips were examined under a microscope each hour to determine the correct digestion time. When gentle agitation of the tissue resulted in mesophyll protoplast release, the incubation medium was carefully decanted and the leaf strips washed in a plastic tea strainer with 50 ml of 0.6 M sorbitol, 5 mM Hepes, 1 mM MgCl2, 0.2 mM CaCl2, 0.2 mM KH2PO4, and 0.1 % BSA, pH 7.8. The filtrate was passed through two nylon nets (250 ,um net and then an 80 ,um) and the filtrate was centrifuged at 350g for 3 min. The pelletted protoplasts were gently resuspended in 20 ml of the solution previously described but with 0.6 M sucrose substituted for sorbitol. The suspension 1038 www.plantphysiol.org on May 12, 2018 -Published by Downloaded from

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Effects of Light and Darkness on Gaseous Exchange of Bean Leaves

Cited by 47 publications

References 20 publications

The Photosynthetic Action Spectrum of the Bean Plant

The Photosynthetic Action Spectrum of the Bean Plant

Determination of the Rate of CO₂ Evolution by Green Leaves in Light

Photoreduction of Oxygen in Mesophyll Chloroplasts of C₄ Plants

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Effects of Light and Darkness on Gaseous Exchange of Bean Leaves

Cited by 47 publications

References 20 publications

The Photosynthetic Action Spectrum of the Bean Plant

The Photosynthetic Action Spectrum of the Bean Plant

Determination of the Rate of CO2 Evolution by Green Leaves in Light

Photoreduction of Oxygen in Mesophyll Chloroplasts of C4 Plants

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Product

Resources

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Determination of the Rate of CO₂ Evolution by Green Leaves in Light

Photoreduction of Oxygen in Mesophyll Chloroplasts of C₄ Plants