Effects of light and darkness on human parotid salivary flow rate and chemical composition

Shannon, Ira L.; Suddick, Richard P.

doi:10.1016/0003-9969(73)90098-8

Cited by 22 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Having reviewed the evidence concerning the role of food‐related factors on salivary flow, this review will now turn to investigate those studies that have investigated the effects of ambient environmental (i.e., nonfood related) cues on salivation. Early research showed that salivary flow was reduced by eye closure (Shannon & Suddick, 1973). Large changes in ambient illumination (as when vision is blocked) have also been found to have a similar effect on salivary flow (Pangborn and Berggren 1971, reported in Pangborn and Sharon 1971; Pangborn et al .…”

Section: The Environmental Modulation Of Salivary Flowmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In fact, this oversight appears to be common among psychologists and cognitive neuroscientists interested in multisensory flavor perception. In summary, while dramatic changes in ambient stimulation can exert a significant effect on salivary flow (Shannon and Suddick 1973; Corcoran and Houston 1977), the kinds of changes introduced in more recent studies of the effects of ambient environmental stimulation of multisensory flavor perception (Oberfeld et al . 2009) do not seem to be sufficiently large to explain the results observed (Pangborn et al .…”

Section: The Environmental Modulation Of Taste/flavor Perceptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mouth‐watering: The Influence of Environmental and Cognitive Factors on Salivation and Gustatory/Flavor Perception

Spence¹

2011

Journal of Texture Studies

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In this article, the evidence demonstrating the significant role that saliva plays in taste and flavor perception in humans is reviewed. Empirical research highlighting the effects of a number of food‐related, environmental and higher‐order cognitive factors (such as attention, mental imagery and labeling) on salivary flow is critically examined. The argument is put forward that changes in salivary flow may have contributed to the results of a number of recent studies of multisensory flavor perception. Indeed, it is striking how rarely salivation is mentioned by cognitive psychologists and cognitive neuroscientists when studying gustatory and/or multisensory flavor perception. The hope is that this review may help to redress this potentially important imbalance. Recommendations for future research in this area are included, and finally, the potential commercial applications of these findings are also reviewed briefly. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS This review highlights the potential problems of interpretation that academic researchers interested either directly in the topic of taste or multisensory flavor perception, or indirectly in the effects of environmental (e.g., atmospheric) changes on flavor perception can run into if they fail to consider the role that any overt changes in salivation may have on the effects they report. This review also highlights the fact that in commercial settings, the large baseline individual differences in salivation are likely to swamp anything that the chef/company can do to modify the salivary flow of their customers via environmental/labeling interventions.

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Section: The Environmental Modulation Of Salivary Flowmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Environmental Modulation Of Taste/flavor Perceptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mouth‐watering: The Influence of Environmental and Cognitive Factors on Salivation and Gustatory/Flavor Perception

Spence¹

2011

Journal of Texture Studies

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“…However, we have recently reported that light deprivation brings about highly significant decreases in the rate of resting parotid gland function in the human (11) as well as changes in the chemical composition of parotid saliva (12). The possibility of a direct effect of light on salivary gland function that may indeed affect caries incidence is thus suggested.…”

mentioning

confidence: 98%

Significant Effect of Environmental Lighting on Caries Incidence in the Cotton Rat

Feller¹,

Edmonds²,

Shannon³

et al. 1974

Experimental Biology and Medicine

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Dental caries is a multifactorial disorder, the initiation and progression of which are affected by factors related to host susceptibility, oral microflora, and diet. Interlocking triple rings are frequently employed to demonstrate that microorganisms, fermentable carbohydrates, and a susceptible tooth surface are all requisite in the caries process. It is well established that lesions do not develop in gnotobiotic animals and that dietary modification such as carbohydrate restriction significantly restricts caries activity. There is a paucity of knowledge on the effect of specific environmental factors on caries incidence.In an earlier study (1 ) it was found that lighting significantly affected caries incidence in the golden hamster. These animals were fed a diet containing 61% sucrose over a 15-week period. Under these conditions carious breakdown was very extensive and in many cases the crowns were virtually destroyed. The authors pointed out that this overwhelming involvement may have caused a loss of masticatory ability resulting in reduced chewing, ingestion, and absorption of food.There was thus a need for the testing of the effects of light on caries incidence in a more sensitive model with a much less advanced state of destruction induced. Such a model has been developed for caries evaluation in which the cotton rat (Sigmodon hispidus) is weaned at 12 days of age and placed on a cariogenic diet (2). With a dietary sucrose level of approximately 6%,

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“…We have previously reported that the resting rate of function of the human parotid gland is significantly depressed during light deprivation either by blindfolding (1,2) or by room darkening (2). These observations suggested that a major portion of the minute, yet persistent, unstimulated (resting) secretion is controlled by light-influenced sympathetic neuronal activity.…”

mentioning

confidence: 95%

Environmental Lighting and Human Salivary Gland Function

Shannon¹,

Feller²,

Wescott³

1975

Experimental Biology and Medicine

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Effects of light and darkness on human parotid salivary flow rate and chemical composition

Cited by 22 publications

References 19 publications

Mouth‐watering: The Influence of Environmental and Cognitive Factors on Salivation and Gustatory/Flavor Perception

Mouth‐watering: The Influence of Environmental and Cognitive Factors on Salivation and Gustatory/Flavor Perception

Significant Effect of Environmental Lighting on Caries Incidence in the Cotton Rat

Environmental Lighting and Human Salivary Gland Function

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