Effects of light, air, anti-oxidants and pro-oxidants on annatto extracts (Bixa orellana)

Light stability of spray-dried bixin encapsulated with different edible polysaccharide preparations

“…The above results also agreed with previous reports about bixin photostability in organic solvents (Najar et al, 1988) and incorporated into microcrystalline cellulose (Gló ria, Vale, & Bobbio, 1995) and into acyclodextrin (Lyng, Passos, & Fontana, 2005).…”

“…More than 80% of the total pigments in the seeds coat consists of the carotenoid bixin, 6-methyl hydrogen 9 0 -cis-6,6 0 -diapocarotene-6,6 0 -dioate (Preston & Rickard, 1980). The long system of conjugated double bonds present in the structure of bixin is responsible for the red color, but also for the poor stability of the molecule under processing and storage conditions such as high temperature, light and oxygen (Montenegro, Rios, Nazareno, Mercadante, & Borsarelli, 2004;Najar, Bobbio, & Bobbio, 1988;Rios, Borsarelli, & Mercadante, 2005;Scotter, Wilson, Appleton, & Castle, 1998).…”

Stability of bixin in annatto oleoresin and dye powder during storage

“…k 2 values indicated that light is a major impediment for stability of bixin. The results are in good agreement with earlier studies of Nazar, Bobbio, and Bobbio (1988) wherein the chloroform solutions of bixin were exposed to light, air, antioxidants and prooxidants and they concluded that light was the most destructive agent for bixin during storage. Tocopherols were reported in lipid fraction of annatto seeds by Frega, Mozzon, and Bocci (1998), mainly unsaturated d-tocotrienol, which can act as a potent antioxidant.…”

Toxicity and dyeing properties of dyes obtained through laccase-mediated synthesis

“…What is the alternative to synthetic dyes? One of the options is a return to natural dyeing; however, natural dyes will never be able to replace synthetic dyes completely because of their instability (Ferreira and Rodriguez-Amaya, 2008;Najar et al, 1988). Another solution is to provide methods for synthesis of dyes involving oxidizing enzymes without the use of harmful and toxic compounds.…”