Effects of Level of Concentrate Feeding During the Second Gestation of Holstein-Friesian Dairy Cows. 1. Feed Intake and Milk Production

Dewhurst, R.J.; Moorby, J. M.; Dhanoa, M. S.; Fisher, William J.

doi:10.3168/jds.s0022-0302(02)74065-4

Cited by 17 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Similar DMI in multiparous cows during the dry period has been reported by Kunz and Blum (1985). The DMI has been reported to decrease, to a greater or lesser extent, as cows approach parturition (Grummer, 1995;Dann et al, 1999;Ingvartsen and Andersen, 2000;Dewhurst et al, 2001). Physical limitations, due to fetal growth, have been suggested as an explanation for decreased DMI near the time of parturition (Ingvartsen et al, 1992).…”

Section: Effects In the Dry Periodmentioning

confidence: 54%

Effects of Feeding Intensity During the Dry Period. 1. Feed Intake, Body Weight, and Milk Production

Agenäs

Burstedt

Holtenius

2003

Journal of Dairy Science

108

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The objective of this experiment was to study dry matter intake (DMI), body condition, milk yield, and milk composition in cows with different body condition at the time of parturition. Twenty four multiparous cows with genetic merit for high or low milk fat content were assigned to one of three diets during the dry period. The treatments consisted of 6, 9, or 14.5 kg dry matter of a total mixed ration providing 71, 106, or 177 MJ/d of metabolizable energy and are referred to as low (L), medium (M), and high (H) dry period rations, respectively. These diets were introduced when the cows were dried off from the previous lactation, at least 8 wk before expected parturition. After parturition all cows were fed another total mixed ration ad libitum. The dietary treatments generated differences between the groups in body weight as well as in body condition score at parturition. There were no differences in DMI in early lactation, but during wk 6 to 12 DMI was lower among H cows, which was linked to a prolonged negative energy balance in this group. The milk yield was 38.5 +/- 0.8 kg of energy-corrected milk the first 4 wk postpartum and did not differ between treatments or selection lines. Body weight loss mainly occurred in lactation wk 1 to 4 and was greatest in H cows. The mobilization of body tissues was reflected in a higher milk fat content of C18:0 for the H cows during wk 1 to 4. There were no marked effects of treatments on milk fat content or milk protein content, which indicates that cows in early lactation have a potential to compensate for low nutrient intake during the dry period if they are offered a high-quality diet. The observed differences between treatments in DMI wk 6 to 12 could not be explained by differences in milk yield or mobilization of body tissues. Milk fat content was 4.7% in cows with genetic merit for high milk fat content and 4.2% in cows with genetic merit for low milk fat content. There was a tendency for higher body weight in cows with genetic merit for low milk fat content throughout the experiment.

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Section: Effects In the Dry Periodmentioning

confidence: 54%

Effects of Feeding Intensity During the Dry Period. 1. Feed Intake, Body Weight, and Milk Production

Agenäs

Burstedt

Holtenius

2003

Journal of Dairy Science

108

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“…The effect of the FCR has been examined in various studies (Yang et al, 2001;Dewhurst et al, 2002;Andersen et al, 2003;Kuoppala et al, 2008; to obtain the optimal proportion while a high milk production is still maintained. Decreased FCR generally results in increased DMI, milk production, and milk protein concentration and decreased milk fat concentration.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of maturity and harvest season of grass-clover silage and of forage-to-concentrate ratio on milk production of dairy cows

Alstrup

Søegaard

Weisbjerg

2016

Journal of Dairy Science

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This study examined the effects of maturity and season of harvest of grass-clover silages and forage:concentrate ratio (FCR) on feed intake, milk production, chewing activity, digestibility, and fecal consistency of Holstein dairy cows. Comparison included 2 cuts in spring season (early and late) and 2 cuts in summer season (early and late) combined with high FCR (80:20; HFCR) and low FCR (50:50; LFCR). The experiment included 24 lactating Holstein cows arranged as 2 repeated 4 × 4 Latin squares with four 21-d periods and included measurements of feed composition, feed intake, milk production and composition, chewing activities, digestibilities, and fecal dry matter (DM) concentration and scoring. Forages were fed as two-thirds grass-clover and one-third corn silage supplemented with either 20 or 50% concentrate. Rations were fed ad libitum as total mixed rations. Early maturity cuts were more digestible than late maturity cuts, which was also reflected in a lower concentration of neutral detergent fiber (NDF) in early maturity cuts, whereas summer cuts had a higher crude protein concentration than spring cuts. Increased maturity decreased the intake of DM and energy, increased NDF intake, and decreased the yield of energy-corrected milk (ECM). Summer cuts increased the ECM yield compared with spring cuts. Milk yield (kg and kilogram of ECM) was numerically higher for cows fed early summer cut, independent of FCR in the ration. Milk protein concentration decreased, or tended to decrease, with maturity. For LFCR, the milk fat concentration increased with maturity resulting in a decreased protein:fat ratio. At HFCR, increased maturity increased the time spent chewing per kilogram of DM. Digestibility of silages was positively correlated with the fecal DM concentration. The DM intake and ECM yield showed no significant response to FCR in the ration, but the milk composition was affected. The LFCR decreased the milk fat percentage and increased the milk protein percentage numerically followed by a higher protein:fat ratio. Total chewing time per kilogram of DM decreased and total chewing time per kilogram of NDF increased with LFCR. This study indicates that silages from summer cuts have a similar value for milk production as do spring cuts, when forage digestibility is taken into account. Moreover, it appears that supplementation of extra concentrate has no effect on ECM production when forages with a high digestibility are fed, and that the physical structural value is adequate even when feeding high digestible forages.

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“…Our own studies [26] have compared primiparous cows that calved for the first time at around 2-years with those that calved at around 3-years of age, or with older cows. Young primiparous cows that were underfed during the second gestation had reduced milk yields in the second lactation.…”

Section: Paritymentioning

confidence: 99%

Priming the dairy cow for lactation: a review of dry cow feeding strategies

Friggens¹,

Andersen²,

Larsen³

et al. 2004

Anim. Res.

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-This paper reviews important aspects of dry cow feeding with emphasis placed on the preparation of the cow for the subsequent lactation. A number of feeding strategies, which have been proposed in recent years, are examined, alongside considerations of the effects of dry period length, levels of body reserves at calving and parity. A number of studies have reported the effect of varying the length of the dry period (in the range 0 to 70 days) on subsequent production and health. An 8 week dry period seems optimal though this should be adjusted to allow for the body condition score of cows at drying off. Avoiding extremes of body condition score at calving is desirable, so condition should be monitored throughout the lactation cycle. Attempting to achieve large changes in body reserves in the dry period has been associated with increased problems postpartum. The feeding strategies that are reviewed are strategies to decrease body mobilisation, prime for body mobilisation, prime the rumen for increased intake, prime for milk protein production and prime for calcium mobilisation and absorption. These strategies are also evaluated relative to their biological basis and reported physiological effects. Feeding high starch feeds in the latter part of the dry period was found not to provide clear benefits in terms of decreasing early lactation body mobilisation or increasing early lactation intake. Strategies aimed at priming the cow for the increased mobilisation of body lipid and body calcium that occurs in early lactation appear more favourable both from the point of view of making biological sense and from the available results reviewed. dry period / feeding / body condition score / dairy cattle / health Résumé -Préparation des vaches laitières à la lactation : bilan des stratégies d'alimentation des vaches taries. Cet article passe en revue les aspects importants de l'alimentation des vaches taries en mettant l'accent sur la préparation de la vache à la lactation suivante. Plusieurs stratégies d'alimentation proposées au cours des dernières années sont examinées, dans le même temps que des considérations portant sur les effets de la durée de la période sèche, du niveau des réserves corporelles au vêlage et du rang de lactation. Un certain nombre d'études ont montré que le fait de * Corresponding author: n.friggens@agrsci.dk 454 N.C. Friggens et al.faire varier la durée de la période sèche (dans une plage de 0 à 70 jours) avait un effet sur la production et la santé lors de la lactation suivante. Une période sèche de 8 semaines semble optimale, quoiqu'elle doive être ajustée en tenant compte de la note d'état corporel des vaches au moment du tarissement. Il est préférable d'éviter des notes extrêmes au vêlage ; l'état corporel devrait donc être surveillé tout au long du cycle de lactation. Les tentatives de vouloir effectuer de grandes modifications du niveau des réserves corporelles pendant la période sèche ont été associées à une augmentation des problèmes postpartum. Les stratégies d'alimentation exposé...

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Effects of Level of Concentrate Feeding During the Second Gestation of Holstein-Friesian Dairy Cows. 1. Feed Intake and Milk Production

Cited by 17 publications

References 25 publications

Effects of Feeding Intensity During the Dry Period. 1. Feed Intake, Body Weight, and Milk Production

Effects of Feeding Intensity During the Dry Period. 1. Feed Intake, Body Weight, and Milk Production

Effects of maturity and harvest season of grass-clover silage and of forage-to-concentrate ratio on milk production of dairy cows

Priming the dairy cow for lactation: a review of dry cow feeding strategies

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